A comprehensive geriatric assessment is the main diagnostic tool in the work of a geriatrician, which is also necessary for drawing up an individual plan for managing an older patient. A distinctive feature of the geriatric approach is a holistic perception of all the needs of an older person — not only medical, but also functional, social. The main goals of the CGA (comprehensive geriatric assessment) are to improve diagnostics, optimize treatment, and enhance the functional state and quality of life, including living conditions, the use of health-care services, and planning long-term support for older adults. Based on the results of the CGA, a comprehensive approach is being developed to provide assistance to older patients, which should help restore their independence, the ability to self-care, improve the quality of life through various targeted rehabilitation measures, as well as optimize healthcare costs, reduce risks, improve prognosis and increase life expectancy of the older patients.

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a complex metabolic state of the body, attributable to a synergistic combination, mutual reinforcement and aggravation of the pathological mechanisms of sarcopenia and obesity. SO is associated with a decrease in the quality of life, dependence on outside help, an increased risk of disability and premature death. Currently, the urgency of the SO problem is increasing due to the global demographic aging of the population, the high incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), geriatric syndromes of sarcopenia and frailty in the developed countries of the modern world. It is of interest to review current literature data on the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, as well as the principles of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin and its role in metabolism, bone and connective tissue, and blood coagulation is well known. The purpose of this review is to identify and detail the involvement of two vitamin K vitamers, K1 or phylloquinone, and vitamin K2 or menaquinone, in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.

Introduction. Oral frailty is associated with decreased quality of life and general health in older adults.

Objective: to assess the relationship between oral frailty, physical frailty and physical functioning decline.

Methods: An epidemiological cross-sectional Eucalyptus study of adults aged 65 years and older (n=396). The main study parameters: oral health status, chronic diseases, a comprehensive geriatric assessment, complete blood count.

Results: 75.5% (n=299) of participants had less than half teeth. 87% of them used removable/fixed dentures or implants. Despite the high frequency of denture use, 9.4% (n=37) of study participants reported difficulties in pronunciation of words and 19.2% (n=76) complained of pain/discomfort when chewing food due to oral health/teeth/dentures. After adjusting for sex, age, cognitive decline, number of remaining teeth, denture/implant use, nutritional status and stroke/TIA, heart failure, chewing or speech problems due to problems of the oral cavity associated with teeth / oral mucosa / dentures were associated with low grip strength with OR (95% CI) 2.738 (1.306–5.737) and 2.494 (1.045– 5.952) respectively and frailty with OR (95% CI) 2.513 (1.083–5.829) in the group of study participants with difficulty in pronunciation of words. The association between chewing difficulty and frailty was significant after adjusting for sex, age, cognitive decline, number of remaining teeth, denture/implant use, nutritional status, and stroke/TIA with OR (95% CI) 2.002 (1.020–3.931), but disappeared after adjusting for heart failure.

Conclusion: Chewing or pronunciation difficulties due to oral health problems were associated with an increased risk of frailty, and low levels of physical functioning. All patients with frailty and low physical function should be consulted by a prosthodontist.