Of the order of 51% of the world's population consider religion an important part of their lives. It is obvious that most believers will follow various lifestyle recommendations, including dietary habits. These features may affect the course of a number of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, which in older people may affect life expectancy. Timely awareness of potential risks and providing optimal medical care options for people over 65 will reduce the risk of complications in the outcome of religious dietary restrictions.

Sarcopenia is a generalized progressive skeletal muscle disease that is associated with an increased risk of disability and death due to falls and fractures. The article details current information about the age-related features of metabolism and muscle tissue remodeling, which lead to the development of sarcopenia and its further progression. The possibilities of correcting sarcopenia are presented: the mechanism of action of experimental drugs acting on muscle tissue (myostatin, bimagrumab, landogrosumab) and non-drug methods of correcting sarcopenia (nutrition, physical activity) that have proven the effectiveness of non-drug methods for correcting sarcopenia (nutrition, physical activity) are analyzed, and the possible effects of taking vitamin D preparations for patients with sarcopenia are described.

The increasing prevalence of urolithiasis is a growing concern. Minimally invasive surgery seems to be nowadays the procedure of choice in treating urolithiasis. Quite frequently, an access to calculus can be complicated by concomitant pathology. The article provides a clinical case of urolithiasis preoperative diagnosis with concomitant hepatomegaly in a 67-year-old patient. An example of an interdisciplinary approach to surgical procedure planning is given in this research. Multispiral computed tomography was applied using multi-planar reconstructions, cutaneous radiopaque markers, and body positioning. The described observation allowed to reduce the surgical risks.

Introduction: prevention of falls and fractures in older adults is a strategic task of the geriatric service.

Aim: to estimate the prevalence of falls and its risk factors, as well as their association with geriatric syndromes in St. Petersburg.

Materials and methods: analysis of the results of four studies conducted in St. Petersburg between 2009 and 2019. The total number of participants was 1398 persons aged 60 years and older. Main parameters: comprehensive geriatric assessment, measurement of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) using Vasera VS-1500 volumetric sphygmography computer complex, detection of silent atrial fibrillation using «MyDiagnostick 1001R» device.

Results: every third person falls at the age of 65 to 74 years old, and every second person falls at the age of 85 and older. In 50% of cases, falls are accompanied by injuries. The main factors associated with a higher risk of falls were arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke/transient ischemic attack, cognitive impairment, sensory deficits, urinary incontinence, decreased physical functioning and CAVI above predicted value. Vision correction reduced the risk of falls by 46.7%, improved/good nutrition status according to self-assessment data by 55.3%, correction of urinary incontinence by 55.8%, improved cognitive functioning by 73.3%, and eating two or more fruits and vegetables a day by 66.0%. Individualized analysis of fall risk factors and development of fall prevention programs can reduce the risk of falls by a factor of nine within the first year.

Conclusion: Screening to assess the risk of falls and compiling individual fall prevention programs can significantly reduce the risk of falls in older and senile age. The effectiveness of individual fall risk reduction programs decreases after the first year of implementation. Consequently, it is necessary to conduct annual screening of older patients to assess the risk of falls and subsequent adjustment of personalized fall prevention plan.

The present article discusses the perioperative management issues in patients with frailty and other geriatric syndromes focusing mainly on the prevention and correction of malnutrition, ESPEN practical guidelines: Clinical Nutrition in cancer. The concept of prehabilitation is described — a multimodal strategy that is implemented from the moment of diagnosis to surgical treatment, aimed at enhancing postoperative outcomes, which elements have a synergistic effect. The clinical case of 62-year-old female patient prehabilitation with a long-term underweight, prefrailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis and developed because of a transverse colon tumor malnutrition syndrome is given.