Искусственный интеллект в гериатрической медицине: потенциал и вызовы. Систематический обзор

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Глобальное старение населения увеличивает потребность гериатрической медицины в инновационных решениях для выполнения сложных задач. Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) предлагает перспективные инструменты для улучшения ухода, но сталкивается с уникальными вызовами в этой области.

ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить потенциал ИИ в улучшении диагностики пожилых пациентов, мониторинга их состояния и ухода за ними в гериатрической медицине, а также выявить ключевые проблемы на пути его внедрения.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Систематический обзор проведен в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA. Поиск осуществлялся в базах PubMed, Scopus и РИНЦ (2020–2025 гг.) с использованием ключевых слов, связанных с ИИ и гериатрией. Включались исследования, описывающие клиническое применение ИИ у пациентов ≥ 60 лет. Из 1 243 записей после исключения дубликатов и нерелевантных публикаций проанализировано 50 исследований. Качество оценено по шкалам AMSTAR-2 и Newcastle-Ottawa.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. ИИ эффективен в ранней диагностике деменции (точность до 90  %), остеопороза (89  %) и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (91 %), а также в мониторинге падений (92 %) и питательного статуса (90  %). Основные вызовы включают этические проблемы (конфиденциальность, предвзятость алгоритмов), ограниченную доступность технологий (40 % в сельских регионах) и недостаток подготовки персонала (30 % гериатров владеют навыками ИИ).

ВЫВОДЫ. ИИ обладает значительным потенциалом для трансформации гериатрической медицины, но требует адаптации к нуждам пожилых пациентов, разработки этических и технических стандартов, а также образовательных программ для персонала. Обзор подчеркивает необходимость интеграции ИИ как части человекоцентричной системы ухода.

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