The Nutritional Status and Oral Health: A New Look at the Problem
https://doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-3-2023-168-175
Abstract
Introduction. According to research, the condition of the oral cavity in older adults is one of the risk factors for the development of malnutrition; however, even with complete loss of teeth, malnutrition does not develop in all patients.
Objective. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with tooth loss and the factors associated with a reduced risk of developing malnutrition in them.
Methods. Epidemiological study of the EVCALIPT random sample of individuals aged 65 years and older (n=396). Main study parameters: oral health assessment questionnaire, non-communicable chronic disease, nutritional assessment using the Mini Nutritional assessment, comprehensive geriatric assessment, blood count test.
Results. The prevalence of malnourishment does not depend on the number of remaining teeth and the use of dentures or implants (p>0.05). The main independent factors affecting the risk malnutrition in patients with oral frailty are complaints about difficulty with mastication [OR (95% CI) 2.100 (1.100–4.010)] and pronunciation of words [OR (95%CI) 2.203 (1.007–4.816)]. Maintaining high rates of grip strength [OR (95% CI) 0.314 (0.167–0.590)] and absence of depression [OR (95% CI) 0.408 (0.196–0.846)] are associated with a reduced risk of malnutrition in patients with oral frailty.
Conclusion. The fact of the absence of teeth or prostheses / implants does not lead to an increase in the risk of malnutrition in older adults. Complaints about mastication and words pronunciation difficulties are more significant contributors to the risk of malnutrition in this age group. High rates of grip strength and the absence of depression in patients with impaired chewing of food and pronunciation of words are associated with a diminished risk of malnutrition.
About the Authors
A. V. Turusheva
The North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Turusheva Anna V., MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine,
Saint Petersburg.
E. V. Frolova
The North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Frolova Elena V., MD, PhD, professor, Department of Family Medicine,
Saint Petersburg.
V. N. Trezubov
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Trezubov Vladimir N., MD, PhD, professor, Head of Orthopedic Dentistry and Material Science with Orthodontology Course for Adults,
Saint Ptersburg.
R. A. Rozov
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Rozov Roman A., MD, PhD, Associate Professor, the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Material Science with Orthodontology Course for Adults,
Saint Petersburg.
M. Yu. Kabanov
St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Hospital for War Veterans”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Kabanov Maxim Yu., MD, PhD, professor, Head of the Hospital for War Veterans,
Saint Petersburg.
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Review
For citations:
Turusheva A.V., Frolova E.V., Trezubov V.N., Rozov R.A., Kabanov M.Yu. The Nutritional Status and Oral Health: A New Look at the Problem. Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine. 2023;(3):168-175. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-3-2023-168-175
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