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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geriatr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гериатрической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8636</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8709</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сайт издателя</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37586/2686-8636-1-2026-66-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geriatr-646</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Старение органов чувств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aging changes in the senses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готина</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gotina</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gotina_ad@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Гериатрический центр реабилитации и ухода для пожилых людей «Сениор Групп Малаховка»; ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Geriatric Rehabilitation and Care Center for the Elderly «Senior Group Malakhovka»; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Готина А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Готина А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gotina A.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/646">https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/646</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Старение органов зрения и других сенсорных систем является ключевой медицинской и социальной проблемой, поскольку приводит к снижению качества жизни, функциональной зависимости и росту бремени заболеваний. Возрастные изменения глаза обусловлены сложным взаимодействием окислительного стресса, хронического воспаления, митохондриальной дисфункции и нарушений клеточного метаболизма, что способствует развитию катаракты, возрастной макулярной дегенерации, глаукомы, диабетической ретинопатии и синдрома сухого глаза.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Обобщить современные данные о механизмах старения органов зрения, слуха и обоняния, их клинических проявлениях, а также перспективных направлениях диагностики и терапии, включая протеомные технологии и методы искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ</title><p>ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ. Катаракта развивается вследствие накопления окислительных повреждений хрусталика и нарушений его биохимического состава. Возрастная макулярная дегенерация ассоциирована с накоплением друз, окси-инфламм-эйджингом и иммунными механизмами, приводящими к атрофии пигментного эпителия. Глаукоматозная нейродегенерация обусловлена повреждением зрительного нерва, эксайтотоксичностью, митохондриальными нарушениями и окислительным стрессом. Диабетическая ретинопатия характеризуется сосудистыми и воспалительными изменениями, усиливаемыми ускоренным клеточным старением. Синдром сухого глаза связан с нарушением функций слезной и мейбомиевых желез, а также с возрастным снижением антиоксидантной защиты. Дополнительно рассмотрены механизмы пресбиакузиса и пресбиназалиса.</p></sec><sec><title>НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ</title><p>НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ. Протеомика жидкостной биопсии и технология TEMPO позволяют исследовать экспрессию белков in vivo в нерегенеративных тканях глаза, определять клеточно-специфические маркеры старения и прогнозировать ответ на терапию. Алгоритмы искусственного интеллекта формируют «протеомные часы», способные оценивать биологический возраст глазных структур и выявлять ускоренное старение при офтальмологических заболеваниях.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Старение сенсорных систем представляет собой мультифакторный процесс, формирующий широкую палитру возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний. Комплексное сочетание клинических, молекулярных и вычислительных подходов открывает новые возможности для персонализированной диагностики, раннего выявления и разработки таргетных антивозрастных стратегий, направленных на сохранение зрительных функций и повышение качества жизни пожилого населения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. The aging of the visual organ and other sensory systems is a key medical and social problem, as it leads to a decrease in quality of life, functional dependence and an increased burden of disease.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. Cataracts develop due to the accumulation of oxidative damage to the lens and disruptions in its biochemical composition. Age-related macular degeneration is associated with the accumulation of drusen, oxyinflammation, and immune mechanisms leading to pigment epithelial atrophy. Glaucomatous neurodegeneration is caused by optic nerve damage, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by vascular and inflammatory changes, exacerbated by accelerated cellular aging. Dry eye syndrome is associated with dysfunction of the lacrimal and meibomian glands, as well as age-related decline in antioxidant defenses. The mechanisms of presbycusis and presbynasalis are also discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. Aging of sensory systems is a multifactorial process that forms a wide range of age-associated diseases. A comprehensive combination of clinical, molecular, and computational approaches opens new possibilities for personalized diagnostics, early detection, and the development of targeted anti-aging strategies aimed at preserving visual function and improving quality of life in the elderly population.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>снижение обоняния</kwd><kwd>пресбиакузис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cataract</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>decreased sense of smell</kwd><kwd>presbycusis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flaxman S. R., Bourne R. R. A., Resnikoff S., et al. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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