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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geriatr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гериатрической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8636</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8709</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сайт издателя</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37586/2686-8636-3-2025-321-331</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geriatr-618</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотип slowing у гериатрических пациентов с саркопенией, саркопеническим ожирением и одышкой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Slowing phenotype in geriatric patients with sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and dyspnea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-4264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеева Виктория Алексеевна</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergeeva Viktoriya Alekseevna</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeeva.va@staff.sgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-5689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульпина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulpina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чемес</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chemes</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В. И. Разумовского Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saratov State Medical University n. a. V. I. Razumovsky, Healthcare Ministry of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>321</fpage><lpage>331</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеева В.А., Булгакова С.В., Шульпина Н.Ю., Чемес Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеева В.А., Булгакова С.В., Шульпина Н.Ю., Чемес Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeeva V.A., Bulgakova S.V., Shulpina N.Y., Chemes D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/618">https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/618</self-uri><abstract><p>Фенотип slowing (замедление), имеющий широкое распространение среди гериатрических пациентов, представляет собой вариант нездорового старения, концептуально связывающий физический, когнитивный и эмоциональный статусы пациента. Разработка простых и доступных алгоритмов диагностики и дальнейшее изучение данного фенотипа имеют важнейшее значение для понимания механизмов его прогрессирования и выработки наиболее эффективных терапевтических стратегий коррекции.</p><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: изучение частоты встречаемости когнитивной дисфункции (КД), депрессии и фенотипа slowing среди пациентов с саркопенией и саркопеническим ожирением (СО) и оценка клинико-функциональных взаимосвязей данных клинических проявлений с одышкой в изучаемой когорте пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В кросс-секционном наблюдательном исследовании у 227 гериатрических пациентов, разделенных на 4 сравнительных группы (с саркопенией, с СО, с ожирением без саркопении, контроля — без саркопении и ожирения), изучалась частота встречаемости КД, депрессии, одышки, а также фенотипа slowing. Для выявления когнитивных нарушений использовалась шкала Макнера и Кана. Депрессия оценивалась по гериатрической шкале депрессии (GDS-15). Для интерпретации выраженности одышки применялись шкалы Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) и Борга.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Средний возраст участников исследования составил (76,48 ± 6,94) года, преобладали женщины (73,57 %). Среди пациентов с саркопенией и СО было выявлено наибольшее число лиц с КД, депрессией и фенотипом slowing. Пациенты с одышкой численно и с большей степенью выраженности преобладали в группах СО и ожирения без саркопении. Установлены статистически значимые взаимосвязи саркопении и КД (c2 = 27,34; p &lt; 0,001; С = 0,38 — средняя связь), саркопении и депрессии (c2 = 10,82; p = 0,002; С = 0,24 —</p></sec><sec><title>средняя связь)</title><p>средняя связь). Одышка имела статистически значимую корреляцию с депрессией (r = 0,20; p = 0,049) и утомляемостью (r = 0,33; p = 0,008), среднюю связь сопряженности с ожирением (c2 = 7,85; p = 0,006; С = 0,27).</p><p>Ожирение, в свою очередь, не было связано с КД и депрессией.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Среди пациентов с наличием саркопении и СО отмечается высокая частота КД, депрессии и фенотипа slowing, который представляет наиболее неблагоприятный с прогностической точки зрения вариант старения. Косвенно одышка у таких пациентов может усугублять состояние за счет негативного влияния на утомляемость, физическую функцию и депрессию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The slowing phenotype, which is widespread among geriatric patients, is a variant of unhealthy aging that conceptually links the physical, cognitive, and emotional status of the patient. The development of simple and accessible diagnostic algorithms and further study of this phenotype are of paramount importance for understanding the mechanisms of its progression and developing the most effective therapeutic strategies for correction.</p><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE: to study the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction (CD), depression, and the slowing phenotype among patients with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) and to assess the clinical and functional relationships between these clinical manifestations and dyspnea in the study cohort.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a cross-sectional observational study of 227 geriatric patients divided into four comparative groups (with sarcopenia, with SO, with obesity without sarcopenia, control group without sarcopenia and obesity), the frequency of CD, depression, dyspnea, and the slowing phenotype was studied. The McNaught and Kane scale was used to identify cognitive impairment. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and Borg scales were used to interpret the severity of dyspnea.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The mean age of the study participants was (76.48 ± 6.94) years, with a predominance of female subjects (73.57 %). Among patients with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, the greatest number of individuals with cognitive deficit, depression, and the slowing phenotype were identified. Patients with dyspnoea were found to be numerically and more severely predominant in the sarcopenic obesity and non-sarcopenic obesity groups. Statistically significant relationships were established between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction (c2 = 27.34; p &lt; 0.001; С = 0.38 — average relationship), and between sarcopenia and depression (c2 = 10.82; p = 0.002; С = 0.24 — average relationship). The present study found a statistically significant correlation between dyspnoea and depression (r = 0.20; p = 0.049), fatigue (r = 0.33; p = 0.008) and average relationship with obesity (c2 = 7.85;  p = 0.006; C = 0.27). Conversely, obesity was not associated with cognitive dysfunction or depression.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION.  Among patients with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, there is a high frequency of cognitive dysfunction, depression, and the slowing phenotype, which represents the most unfavorable prognostic variant of aging. Indirectly, dyspnea in such patients can aggravate the condition due to the negative impact on fatigue, physical function, and depression.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивный дефицит</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>фенотип slowing</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>саркопеническое ожирение</kwd><kwd>одышка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>slowing phenotype</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>sarcopenic obesity</kwd><kwd>dyspnea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Sayer A. A. Sarcopenia. Lancet. 2019 ; 393 (10191) : 2636–2646. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31138-9. Erratum in: Lancet. 2019 ; 393 (10191) : 2590. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31465-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Sayer A. A. Sarcopenia. 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