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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geriatr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гериатрической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8636</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8709</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сайт издателя</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37586/2686-8636-4-2025-502-511</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geriatr-614</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности выявления туберкулеза органов дыхания у пациентов пожилого возраста со старческой астенией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of detection of respiratory tuberculosis in elderly patients with senile asthenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-5990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челнокова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelnokova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челнокова Ольга Германовна</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelnokova Olga Germanovna</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chelnokova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-0454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рунихина</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Runikhina</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5082-1080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Yaroslavl</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6548-3495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поршнева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porshneva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5624-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кострома</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kostroma</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО ЯГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov National Research Medical University, Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ ЯО «Ярославская областная клиническая туберкулезная больница»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Yaroslavl region «Yaroslavl RegionalClinical Tuberculosis Hospital»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ОГБУЗ «Костромской противотуберкулезный диспансер»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kostroma tuberculosis dispensary<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>502</fpage><lpage>511</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Челнокова О.Г., Рунихина Н.К., Дмитриева А.П., Поршнева Е.Н., Борисова Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Челнокова О.Г., Рунихина Н.К., Дмитриева А.П., Поршнева Е.Н., Борисова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chelnokova O.G., Runikhina N.K., Dmitrieva A.P., Porshneva E.N., Borisova E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/614">https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/614</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. У пациентов старше 60 лет фоном для заболевания туберкулезом может являться старческая астения (СА) – главный гериатрический синдром. Развитие СА сопровождается снижением физической и функциональной активности, адаптационного и восстановительного резерва организма, что делает пожилых людей уязвимыми для инфекционных заболеваний, в том числе для туберкулеза.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Изучить особенности выявления и диагностики туберкулеза органов дыхания у пациентов с СА в возрасте старше 60 лет в 2018–2024 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проведено ретроспективно-проспективное когортное исследование, в которое вошел 301 пациент старше 60 лет с впервые выявленным туберкулезом органов дыхания в 2018–2024 гг. в Ярославской и Костромской областях. Диагностика туберкулеза у всех пациентов осуществлялась с использованием общепринятых во фтизиатрии методов клинического, лабораторного и инструментального обследования. Всем пациентам выполнен скрининг на СА с помощью опросника «Возраст не помеха», астения регистрировалась при сумме баллов ≥5 (Клинические рекомендации «Старческая астения», 2018, 2024). Пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: в 1-й – 51 пациент с СА, во 2-й  – 250 пациентов без СА.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Сроки выявления туберкулеза от момента обращения в общую лечебную сеть (ОЛС) до установления диагноза составили более 1 мес. у 59,1 % больных старше 60 лет. В большинстве случаев (44,8 %) выявление туберкулеза осуществлялось врачами-терапевтами в ОЛС при обращении пациентов с жалобами интоксикационного и бронхолегочного характера, которые беспокоили их более 3 недель. В группе больных с СА преобладали диссеминированная (52,3 %) и инфильтративная (31,3 %) формы, также встречались туберкуломы (8,3 %) и туберкулез бронхов (8,3 %). Классические рентгенологические признаки туберкулеза легких у пациентов старше 60 лет встречались в 90,8 % случаев. У пациентов с СА чаще встречался отрицательный результат пробы Манту с 2 ТЕ, чем у пациентов без СА (39,2 % и 64,0 %; р &lt; 0,01). Результаты теста по методу ELISPOT (T-SPOT.TВ) были положительными в 100 % случаев.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. У пациентов старше 60 лет с СА наблюдается поздняя диагностика туберкулеза, его выявление происходит преимущественно по жалобам при развитии распространенных процессов на фоне сниженной иммунной реактивности. В алгоритмы диагностики туберкулеза у пациентов старше 60 лет целесообразно включать компьютерную томографию органов грудной клетки, анализ мокроты на микобактерии туберкулеза методами молекулярно-генетическими, микроскопии и посева, а также иммунологические тесты на туберкулез по методу ELISPOT.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. In patients over 60 years of age, senile asthenia (SA), the main geriatric syndrome, may be the background for tuberculosis. The development of SA is accompanied by a decrease in physical and functional activity, adaptive and restorative reserves of the body, which makes the elderly vulnerable to infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. To study the features of detection and diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis in patients with senile asthenia over the age of 60 in 2018–2024.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective prospective cohort study wasconducted, which included 301 patients over 60 years of age with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis in 2018–2024 in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in all patients was carried out using clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination methods generally accepted in phthisiology. All patients were screened for SA using the «Age is not a hindrance» questionnaire; asthenia was recorded with a score of 5 or more (Senile asthenia. Clinical guidelines, 2018, 2024). The patients were divided into two groups: 51 patients with SA in the first group, 250 patients without SA in the second group.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The time frame for detecting tuberculosis from the moment of contacting the general medical network to the diagnosis was more than one month in 59.1 % of patients over 60 years of age. In most cases (44.8 %), tuberculosis was detected by internists in the general treatment network (GTN) when patients complained of intoxication and bronchopulmonary disorders that had been bothering them for more than 3 weeks. In the group of patients with SA, disseminated (52.3 %) and infiltrative (31.3 %) forms prevailed, and tuberculosis of the bronchi (8.3 %) and tuberculosis of the bronchi (8.3 %) also occurred. Classical radiological signs of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients over 60 years of age werefound in 90.8 % of cases. Patients with SA were more likely to have a negative Mantoux test result with 2 TE than among patients without SA (39.2 % and 64.0 %; p &lt;0.01). The ELISPOT test (T-SPOT.TV) was positive in 100% of cases.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. In patients over 60 years of age with SA, there is a late diagnosis of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is  detected mainly by  complaints of  the development of  widespread, disseminated processes against the background of reduced immune reactivity. It is advisable to include computed tomography of the chest organs, sputum analysis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by molecular genetic methods, microscopy and culture, as well as immunological tests for tuberculosis using the ELISPOT method in the algorithms for diagnosing tuberculosis in patients over 60 years of age.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>туберкулез у пожилых</kwd><kwd>старческая астения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis of the elderly</kwd><kwd>senile asthenia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ault R., Dwivedi V., Koivisto E., et al. Altered monocyte phenotypes but not impaired peripheral T cell immunity may explain susceptibility of the elderly to develop tuberculosis. 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