geriatrРоссийский журнал гериатрической медициныRussian Journal of Geriatric Medicine2686-86362686-8709Сайт издателя10.37586/2686-8636-4-2025-512-526geriatr-606Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРеабилитация физических функций гериатрических пациентов после перенесенного COVID-19Rehabilitation of physical functions of geriatric patients after COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5233КурмаевД. П.KurmaevD. P.

Самара

Samara

geriatry@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786БулгаковаС. В.BulgakovaS. V.

Булгакова Светлана Викторовна

Самара

Bulgakova Svetlana Viktorovna

Samara

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7252ТреневаЕ. В.TrenevaE. V.

Самара

Samara

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-1057КосареваО. В.KosarevaO. V.

Самара

Samara

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8827-4919ШароноваЛ. А.SharonovaL. A.

Самара

Samara

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-6411ДолгихЮ. А.DolgikhYu. A.

Самара

Samara

ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава РоссииРоссияSamara State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20251412202504512526Copyright © Курмаев Д.П., Булгакова С.В., Тренева Е.В., Косарева О.В., Шаронова Л.А., Долгих Ю.А., 20252025Курмаев Д.П., Булгакова С.В., Тренева Е.В., Косарева О.В., Шаронова Л.А., Долгих Ю.А.Kurmaev D.P., Bulgakova S.V., Treneva E.V., Kosareva O.V., Sharonova L.A., Dolgikh Y.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/606

Коронавирусная инфекция 2019 г. (COVID-19) вызвала огромную заболеваемость и смертность во всем мире. У реконвалесцентов нередко отмечается хроническое болезненное состояние, известное как длительный COVID-19 (Long-COVID-19). Связь между COVID-19 и поражением скелетной мускулатуры вызвала значительный интерес медицинского сообщества во всем мире. Саркопения является одним из тяжелых осложнений как острого периода COVID-19, так и Long-COVID-19. Необходима комплексная реабилитация пациентов с целью восстановления силы, массы и функции скелетных мышц после перенесенного COVID-19. Профилактика и лечение саркопении обязательно включает различные виды физических упражнений. Реабилитация пациентов после перенесенного COVID-19 должна осуществляться после проведения комплексной гериатрической оценки для выявления синдрома старческой астении бригадой медицинских специалистов под руководством врача-гериатра. Для реабилитации физических функций ряд авторов предлагают комплексные стратегии физической реабилитации, включающие аэробные и/или силовые тренировки, дыхательную гимнастику. Некоторые виды физических нагрузок могут выполняться даже пациентами в тяжелом состоянии в положении лежа на спине в постели. Телемедицинская помощь имеет ряд преимуществ: бо́льшая доступность, отсутствие физического контакта, возможность привлечения консилиума разнопрофильных врачей-специалистов; она позволяет дистанционно консультировать пациентов из отдаленных регионов и исключает риск инфицирования. В данном обзоре литературы рассмотрены основные механизмы развития саркопении после перенесенного COVID-19 и способы реабилитации скелетной мускулатуры гериатрических пациентов.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Convalescents often experience a chronic condition known as long COVID-19. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and skeletal muscle damage has sparked significant interest within the global medical community. Sarcopenia is a severe complication of the acute and long-term phases of the disease. Comprehensive rehabilitation is necessary to restore strength, muscle mass, and skeletal muscle function in patients after they have had the disease. The prevention and treatment of sarcopenia necessarily include various types of physical exercise. Patients should undergo rehabilitation after a comprehensive geriatric assessment to identify frailty syndrome, carried out by a team of medical specialists under the guidance of a geriatrician. Several authors propose comprehensive physical rehabilitation strategies to restore physical function, including aerobic and/or strength training and breathing exercises. Some types of physical exercise can be performed by patients in severe conditions while lying supine in bed. Telemedicine offers greater accessibility by avoiding physical contact and enabling engagement with a multidisciplinary team of specialists. It allows for remote consultations with patients in remote areas and eliminates the risk of infection. This literature review examines the main mechanisms of sarcopenia development after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and methods for skeletal muscle rehabilitation in geriatric patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.