geriatrРоссийский журнал гериатрической медициныRussian Journal of Geriatric Medicine2686-86362686-8709Сайт издателя10.37586/2686-8636-4-2025-527-537geriatr-601Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSГериатрический взгляд на спирометрический паттерн PRISmA Geriatric Perspective on the PRISm Spirometry Patternhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-4264СергееваВ. А.SergeevaV. A.

Сергеева Виктория Алексеевна

Самара

Sergeeva Victoria Alekseevna

Samara

sergeeva.va@staff.sgmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-1786БулгаковаС. В.BulgakovaS. V.

Самара

Samara

ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В. И. Разумовского Минздрава РоссииРоссияSaratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, Healthcare Ministry of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава РоссииРоссияSamara State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of RussiaRussian Federation20251412202504527537Copyright © Сергеева В.А., Булгакова С.В., 20252025Сергеева В.А., Булгакова С.В.Sergeeva V.A., Bulgakova S.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/601

Спирометрический паттерн PRISm остается камнем преткновения клиницистов ввиду неполного и не окончательного понимания его трактовки. Несмотря на это, накоплено достаточно информации, свидетельствующей о том, что выявление в ходе оценки функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД) индекса Генслера (отношение объема форсированного выдоха за 1 сек (ОФВ1) к форсированной жизненной емкости легких (ФЖЕЛ)) ≥70 % и ОФВ1<80 % может рассматриваться предиктором неблагоприятного прогноза для разных категорий пациентов. Исследования последних лет демонстрируют тесные патогенетические взаимосвязи между PRISm и процессом старения, что позволяет рассматривать данный паттерн одним из маркеров возраст-ассоциированных изменений бронхолегочной системы.

Цель обзора

Цель обзора: аккумулирование и анализ сведений о спирометрическом паттерне PRISm, представляющем собой потенциально важный диагностический признак для оценки состояния дыхательной системы в возрастном аспекте.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор наиболее релевантных и значимых публикаций, посвященных проблеме PRISm, за последние годы. В статье изложены ключевые сведения о потенциальных этиологических факторах данного спирометрического паттерна, патоморфологических признаках, обсуждены патогенетические связи PRISm с процессом старения.

Заключение

Заключение. Спирография остается одним из наиболее информативных методов диагностики бронхолегочных заболеваний, тем не менее выявлению паттерна PRISm, не входящего в привычные классификации патологии дыхательной системы, в реальной клинической практике не уделяется должного внимания. Связь со старением и возможность восстановления нормальных показателей функции внешнего дыхания у лиц с PRISm открывают новые траектории дальнейшего научного поиска терапевтических стратегий в гериатрии.

The PRISm spirometry pattern remains a significant challenge for clinicians due to an incomplete and inconsistent understanding of its interpretation. Nevertheless, a substantial body of evidence has been amassed, suggesting that the identification of a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) / forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio ≥70 % (Gaensler index) and FEV1 <80 % during the evaluation of respiratory function can be regarded as a predictor of an unfavourable prognosis for diverse patient categories. Recent studies have demonstrated a close pathogenic relationship between PRISm and the aging process, thus allowing for the consideration of this pattern as a marker of age-associated changes or biological age of the bronchopulmonary system.

Objective

Objective: The present study aims to accumulate and analyse information on the PRISm spirometry pattern, with a view to determining its potential as a diagnostic sign for assessing the state of the respiratory system in relation to age.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A comprehensive review of the most pertinent and substantial publications concerning the PRISm problem in recent years was conducted. The article presents key information about potential etiological factors of this spirometry pattern, pathomorphological signs, and discusses pathogenic relationships of PRISm with the aging process.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Spirometry remains one of the most informative methods for diagnosing bronchopulmonary diseases; however, the identification of the PRISm pattern, which is not included in  the usual classifications of respiratory system pathology, is not given due attention in real clinical practice. The association between aging and the potential for restoring normal respiratory function in individuals with PRISm introduces new avenues for scientific research in the field of geriatrics, particularly with regard to the development of therapeutic strategies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.