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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geriatr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гериатрической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8636</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8709</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сайт издателя</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37586/2686-8636-3-2020-217-224</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geriatr-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопросы диагностики и лечения лобно-височных дегенераций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of diagnosis and treatment of frontotemporal degeneration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-3245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришина Динара Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); врач-невролог, ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр.</p><p>Москва.</p><p>Телефон: +7(985) 304-72-39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant of the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery Faculty of General Medicine, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Heath of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); neurologist, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre.</p><p>Moscow.</p><p>+7(985) 304-72-39</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dstepkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет); РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University); Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>224</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гришина Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришина Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishina D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/59">https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/59</self-uri><abstract><p>Лобно-височные дегенерации (ЛВД) — это гетерогенная группа прогрессирующих нейродегенеративных заболеваний, связанных с преимущественным поражением лобных и/ или передних отделов височных долей головного мозга. ЛВД занимают четвертое место в списке причин выраженных нейрокогнитивных расстройств во всех возрастных группах и второе место среди пациентов пресенильного возраста (до 65 лет). ЛВД — генетически детерминированное заболевание. В 30-40% случаев прослеживается семейный анамнез, который почти в 15% случаев характеризуется аутосомно-доминатным типом передачи. Обычно ЛВД начинается на пятом-шестом десятилетии жизни, но возможен и более поздний дебют. В статье рассматриваются основные клинические формы ЛВД. Поведенческая форма ЛВД составляет более половины случаев ЛВД и характеризуется сочетанием когнитивных, поведенческих и эмоционально-аффективных нарушений, атрофией лобных и височных отделов головного мозга. При синдроме первичной прогрессирующей афазии (ППА) речевые расстройства являются наиболее значимыми клиническими симптомами в течение не менее двух лет. Клинические особенности ППА зависят от локализации патологического процесса. Разделение на клинические формы ЛВД актуально лишь в первые годы заболевания. В дальнейшем различия между ними стираются, и в статусе может присутствовать одновременно несколько клинических форм. В лечении ЛВД представляется важным комплексный подход, включающий симптоматическую терапию, а также нелекарственные методы (образовательная программа, психологическая поддержка, когнитивный тренинг, логопедические упражнения). Точный анализ эмоциональных и поведенческих симптомов при ЛВД может позволить прогнозировать течение патологического процесса, оптимизировать симптоматическое лечение и тем самым улучшить качество жизни пациентов и их родственников.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with a predominant lesion of the frontal and/or anterior temporal lobes of the brain. FTD is at the fourth place in the list of causes of severe neurocognitive disorders in all age groups and at the second place among patients of presenile age (up to 65 years). FTD is a genetically determined disease. In 30-40%, there is a family history, which is characterized by an autosomal dominant type of transmission in up to 15% of cases. Usually FTD begins in the fifth or sixth decade of life, but a later onset is possible. The article discusses the main clinical variants of FTD. The behavioral variant of FTD accounts for more than half of the cases of FTD and is characterized by a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional-affective symptoms, atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. In primary progressive aphasia (PPA), speech disorders are the most significant clinical symptoms for at least two years. The clinical features of PPA depend on the localization of the pathological process. The division into clinical variants of FTD is relevant only in the first years of the disease. In the future, the differences between them are erased, and the status may contain several clinical variants simultaneously. In the treatment of FTD, a comprehensive approach is presented, including symptomatic therapy, as well as non-drug treatments (educational program, psychological support, cognitive training, speech therapy). Accurate analysis of emotional and behavioral symptoms in FTD can help predict the course of the pathological process, optimize symptomatic treatment, and there by improve the quality of life of patients and their relatives.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лобно-височная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>первичная прогрессирующая афазия</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>поведенческие нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>frontotemporal degeneration</kwd><kwd>primary progressive aphasia</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>behavioral disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rascovsky K., Hodges J.R., Knopman D., Mendez M.F., Kramer J.H., Neuhaus J., van Swieten J.C., Seelaar H., Dopper E.G., Onyike C.U., Hillis A.E., Josephs K.A., Boeve B.F., Kertesz A., Seeley W.W., Rankin K.P., Johnson J.K., Gorno-Tempini M.L., Rosen H., Prioleau-Latham C.E., Lee A., Kipps C.M., Lillo P., Piguet O., Rohrer J.D., Rossor M.N., Warren J.D., Fox N.C., Galasko D., Salmon D.P., Black S.E., Mesulam M., Weintraub S., Dickerson B.C., Diehl-Schmid J., Pasquier F., Deramecourt V., Lebert F., Pijnenburg Y., Chow T.W., Manes F., Grafman J., Cappa S.F., Freedman M., Grossman M., Miller B.L. 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