References

geriatr

Российский журнал гериатрической медицины

Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine

2686-86362686-8709

Сайт издателя

10.37586/2686-8636-1-2025-6-48

geriatr-499

Research Article

ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА

MAIN TOPIC

Клинические рекомендации «Старческая астения»

Clinical Guidelines on Frailty

Ткачева

О. Н.

Tkacheva

O. N.

Москва

Moscow

Котовская

Ю. В.

Kotovskaya

Yu. V.

Москва

Moscow

Рунихина

Н. К.

Runikhina

N. K.

Москва

Moscow

Фролова

Е. В.

Frolova

E. V.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint Petersburg

Наумов

А. В.

Naumov

A. V.

Москва

Moscow

Воробьёва

Н. М.

Vorobyeva

N. M.

Москва

Moscow

Остапенко

В. С.

Ostapenko

V. S.

Москва

Moscow

Мхитарян

Э. А.

Mkhitaryan

E. A.

Москва

Moscow

Шарашкина

Н. В.

Sharashkina

N. V.

Москва

Moscow

Тюхменев

Е. А.

Tyuhmenev

E. A.

Москва

Moscow

Переверзев

А. П.

Pereverzev

A. P.

Москва

Moscow

Дудинская

Е. Н.

Dudinskaya

E. N.

Москва

Moscow

ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центрРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russian federation «Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre»Russian Federation

ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияThe North-Western State medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian Federation

2025

01032025

01648

2025

Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В., Рунихина Н.К., Фролова Е.В., Наумов А.В., Воробьёва Н.М., Остапенко В.С., Мхитарян Э.А., Шарашкина Н.В., Тюхменев Е.А., Переверзев А.П., Дудинская Е.Н.

Tkacheva O.N., Kotovskaya Y.V., Runikhina N.K., Frolova E.V., Naumov A.V., Vorobyeva N.M., Ostapenko V.S., Mkhitaryan E.A., Sharashkina N.V., Tyuhmenev E.A., Pereverzev A.P., Dudinskaya E.N.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/499

Данный документ представляет собой клинические рекомендации «Старческая астения», разработанные Российской ассоциацией геронтологов и гериатров. Документ ориентирован на врачей-гериатров, врачей-терапевтов, врачей общей практики, семейных врачей и врачей других специальностей, оказывающих медицинскую помощь взрослому населению. В документе изложены принципы скрининга, диагностики и ведения пациентов со старческой астенией, а также вопросы профилактики, реабилитации и организации медицинской помощи этой категории лиц и критерии контроля качества ее оказания.

The paper introduces clinical guidelines on frailty that have been developed by the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians. These guidelines are specifically designed to assist geriatricians, internists, general practitioners, family physicians, and other healthcare specialists who work with adult patients. Within the paper, there are screening instruments, diagnostic tools, and treatment options provided for individuals with frailty. Additionally, the paper also includes information on prevention, rehabilitation, and medical care organization for this cohort of patients.

cтарческая астенияавтономностьбазовая функциональная активностьгериатрический синдром

frailtyautonomybasic functional activitygeriatric syndrome

References1

Fried L.P., et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype // J. Gerontol. Med. Sci. 2001. Vol. 56 (3). P. 146–156.

Mitnitski A.B., Mogilner A.J., Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging // Scientific World J. 2001. Vol. 1. P. 323–336.

Vermeiren S., et al. Frailty and the Prediction of Negative Health Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(12):1163.e1–1163.e17.

Weiss O.C. Frailty and Chronic Diseases in Older Adults // Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2011. Vol. 27. P. 39–52.

Clegg A., et al. Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet. 2013 Mar;381(9868):752–62.

Collard R.M. Prevalence of frailty in community dwelling older persons: a systematic review // J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2012. Vol. 60(8). P. 1487–1492.

Kojima G. Prevalence of frailty in nursing homes: A systematic review and metaanalysis // J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2015. Vol. 16. P. 940–945.

Gurina N.A., Frolova E.V., Degryse J.M. A roadmap of aging in Russia: the prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in the St. Petersburg district—the «Crystal» study // J. Amer. Geriatr. Soc. 2011. Vol. 59 (6). P. 980–988.

Остапенко В.С. Распространенность и структура гериатрических синдромов у пациентов амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждений г. Москвы: дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2017. 157 с.

Ostapenko V.S. Rasprostranennost' i struktura geriatricheskih sindromov u pacientov ambulatornopoliklinicheskih uchrezhdenij g.: dis. … kand. med. nauk. M., 2017. 157 s. (In Russ.)

Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К., Остапенко В.С., Шарашкина Н.В., Мхитарян Э.А., Онучина Ю.С., Лысенков С.Н. Валидация опросника для скрининга синдрома старческой астении в амбулаторной практике. Успехи геронтологии. 2017. Т. 30. № 2. С. 236–242.

Tkacheva O.N., Runihina N.K., Ostapenko V.S., Sharashkina N.V., Mhitaryan E.A., Onuchina Yu.S., Lysenkov S.N. Validaciya oprosnika dlya skrininga sindroma starcheskoj astenii v ambulatornoj praktike. Uspekhi gerontologii. 2017. T. 30. № 2. S. 236–242 (In Russ.)

Gutiérrez-Valencia M. The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy in older people: A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018. doi:10.1111/bcp.13590.

Buta B.J., et al. Frailty assessment instruments: systematic characterization of the uses and contexts of highly — cited instruments // Ageing Res. Rev. 2016. Vol. 26. P. 53–61.

Morley J.E., Arai H., Cao L., Dong B., Merchant R.A., Vellas B., Visvanathan R., Woo J. Integrated Care: Enhancing the Role of the Primary Health Care Professional in Preventing Functional Decline: A Systematic Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(6):489–494.

Reflection paper on physical frailty: instruments for baseline characterisation of older populations in clinical trials. https://ephor.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/reflection-paperon-physical-frailty-ema-2018.pdf

Syddall H., et al. Is grip Strength a useful single marker of frailty? // Age and Ageing. 2003. Vol. 32. № 6. P. 650–656.

Borson S., Scanlan J., Brush M., Vitaliano P., Dokmak A. The Mini-Cog: a cognitive “vital signs” measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:1021–1027.

Borson S., Scanlan J.M., Chen P., Ganguli M. The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1451–1454.

Tsoi K.K., Chan J.Y., Hirai H.W., Wong S.Y., Kwok T.C. Cognitive tests to detect dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:1450–1458.

Организация проведения профилактического медицинского осмотра и диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения. Методические рекомендации по практической реализации приказа Минздрава России от 13 марта 2019 г. № 124н «Об утверждении порядка проведения профилактического медицинского осмотра и диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения». М, 2019. 165 с. Утверждены главным внештатным специалистом по терапии и общей врачебной практике Минздрава России О.М. Драпкиной и главным внештатным специалистом по медицинской профилактике Минздрава России Л.Ю. Дроздовой 22 октября 2019 г. Интернет-ресурсы: https://www.gnicpm.ru и http://org.gnicpm.ru.

Organizaciya provedeniya profilakticheskogo medicinskogo osmotra i dispanserizacii opredelennyh grupp vzroslogo naseleniya. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po prakticheskoj realizacii prikaza Minzdrava Rossii ot 13 marta 2019 g. № 124n «Ob utverzhdenii poryadka provedeniya profilakticheskogo medicinskogo osmotra i dispanserizacii opredelennyh grupp vzroslogo naseleniya». M, 2019. 165 s. Utverzhdeny glavnym vneshtatnym specialistom po terapii i obshchej vrachebnoj praktike Minzdrava Rossii O.M. Drapkinoj i glavnym vneshtatnym specialistom po medicinskoj profilaktike Minzdrava Rossii L.Yu. Drozdovoj 22 oktyabrya 2019 g. Internet-resursy: https://www.gnicpm.ru i http://org.gnicpm.ru (In Russ.)

Ramani L., Furmedge D.S., Reddy S.P. Comprehensive geriatric assessment. Br J Hosp Med Lond Engl 2005. 2014 Aug;75 Suppl 8:C122–125.

British Geriatrics Society. Fit for Frailty Consensus best practice guidance for the care of older people living with frailty in community and outpatient settings [Internet]. 2014 Jun. Available from: https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-05-23/fff_full.pdf

Полипрагмазия в клинической практике: проблема и решения / под общ. ред. Д.А. Сычева. СПб.: ЦОП «Профессия», 2016. 224 с.

Polipragmaziya v klinicheskoj praktike: problema i resheniya / pod obshch. red. D.A. Sycheva, SPb.: COP «Professiya», 2016. 224 s. (In Russ.)

Naples J.G., Handler S.M., Maher R.L. et al. Geriatric Pharmacotherapy and Polypharmacy. In: Fillit H.M., Rockwood K., Young J.B. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 8th ed. Elsevier 2017;849–854.

Kanis J.A., McCloskey E.V., Johansson H., Odén A., Borgström F., Ström O. Development and use of FRAX® in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International. 2010; 21 Suppl 2: S407–13.

Dent E., Visvanathan R., Piantadosi C., Chapman I. Use of the Mini Nutritional Assessment to detect frailty in hospitalised older people. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(9):764–7.

Guigoz Y., Vellas B., Garry P.J. Mini Nutritional Assessment: a practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients // Facts Res. Gerontol. 1994. Vol. 2. P. 15–59.

Inzitari M., et al. Gait speed predicts decline in attention and psychomotor speed in older adults: the health aging and body composition study // Neuroepidemiology. 2007. Vol. 29(3– 4). P. 156–162.

Montero-Odasso M., et al. Gait velocity as a single predictor of adverse events in healthy seniors aged 75 years and older // J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2005. Vol. 60(10). P. 1304–1309.

Shinkai S., et al. Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence in a Japanese rural community population // Age Ageing. 2000. Vol. 29(5). P. 441–446.

Studenski S., et al. Gait speed and survival in older adults // J.A.M.A. 2011. Vol. 305(1). P. 50–58.

Mahoney F., Barthel D. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index // Md. State Med. J. 1965. Vol.14. P. 61–65.

Lawton M.P., Brody E.M. Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969; 9:179–186.

Bohannon R.W. Reference values for the Timed Up and Go Test: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 2006;29(2):64–8.

Morse J.M., Morse R., Tylko S. Development of a scale to identify the fall-prone patient. Canadian Journal on Aging. 1989;8: 366–377.

Shumway-Cook A., Brauer S., Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the timed up & go test. Phys Ther. 2000;80:896–903.

Kristensen M.T., Foss N.B., Kehlet H. Timed «Up and Go» Test as a predictor of falls within 6 months after hip fracture surgery. Phys Ther. 2007.87(1):24–30.

Eagle J., Salamara S., Whitman D., Evans L.A., Ho E., Olde J. Comparison of three instruments in predicting accidental falls in selected inpatients in a general teaching hospital. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 1999;25(7): 40–45.

Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician // J. Psychiatr. Res. 1975. Vol. 12. P. 189–198.

Huntzinger J.A., et al. Clock drawing in the screening assessment of cognitive impairment in an ambulatory care setting: a preliminary report // Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry. 1992. Vol. 14(2). P. 142–144.

Nasreddine Z.S., et al. Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment // J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2005. Vol. 53. P. 695–699.

Dubois B., Slachevsky A., Litvan I., Pillon B. The FAB: a Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside. Neurology. 2000 Dec 12;55(11):1621–6.

Bingham K.S., Kumar S., Dawson D.R., Mulsant B.H., Flint A.J. A Systematic Review of the Measurement of Function in Late-Life Depression Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26(1):54–72. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2017.08.011.

Sivertsen H., Bjørkløf G.H., Engedal K., Selbæk G., Helvik A.S. Depression and Quality of Life in Older Persons: A Review // Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2015. Vol. 40 (5–6). P. 311–39.

Meeks T.W., Vahia I.V., Lavretsky H., Kulkarni G., Jeste D. A tune in ‘‘a minor’’ can ‘‘b major’’: a review of epidemiology, illness course, and public health implications of subthreshold depression in older adults. Research Report // J. Affect. Disord. 2011. Vol. 129. P. 126–142.

Katon W.J., Lin E., Russo J., Unutzer J. Increased medical costs of a population based sample of depressed elderly patients // Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2003. Vol. 60. P. 897–903.

Sheikh J.I., Yesavage J.A. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version // Clinical Gerontologist. 1986. Vol. 5. P. 165–173.

Погосова Н.В., Довженко Т.В., Бабин А.Г., Курсаков А.А., Выгодин В.А. Русскоязычная версия опросников PHQ-2 и 9: чувствительность и специфичность при выявлении депрессии у пациентов в общемедицинской амбулаторной практике. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014. Т 13. №3. С. 18–24.

Pogosova N.V., Dovzhenko T.V., Babin A.G., Kursakov A.A., Vygodin V.A. Russkoyazychnaya versiya oprosnikov PHQ2 i 9: chuvstvitel'nost' i specifichnost' pri vyyavlenii depressii u pacientov obshchemedicinskoj ambulatornoj praktike. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2014. T 13. №3. S. 18–24 (In Russ.).

Alexopoulos G.A., Abrams R.C., Young R.C., Shamoian C.A.: Cornell scale for depressionin dementia. Biol Psych, 1988,23:271–284.

Ткачева О.Н. и соавт. Методические рекомендации по предупреждению жестокого обращения с пожилыми людьми в учреждениях здравоохранения. Методические указания. М.: Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова, 2017. 25 с.

Tkacheva O.N. i soavt. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po preduprezhdeniyu zhestokogo obrashcheniya s pozhilymi lyud'mi v uchrezhdeniyah zdravoohraneniya. Metodicheskie ukazaniya. M.: Rossijskij nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij medicinskij universitet im. N. I. Pirogova, 2017. 25 s. (In Russ.).

Макушкин Е.В., Полищук Ю.И., Рунихина Н.К., Панченко Е.А. Выявление и профилактика жестокого обращения с пожилыми и престарелыми людьми в учреждениях здравоохранения и социальной защиты. Помощь жертвам жестокого обращения: методические рекомендации. М.: ФГБУ «НМИЦ ПН им. В.П. Сербского» Минздрава России, 2017. 23 с.

Makushkin E.V., Polishchuk Yu.I., Runihina N.K., Panchenko E.A. Vyyavlenie i profilaktika zhestokogo obrashcheniya s pozhilymi i prestarelymi lyud'mi v uchrezhdeniyah zdravoohraneniya i social'noj zashchity. Pomoshch' zhertvam zhestokogo obrashcheniya: Metodicheskie rekomendacii. M.: FGBU «NMIC PN im. V.P. Serbskogo» Minzdrava Rossii, 2017. 23 s. (In Russ.).

Stevens P.E., Levin A. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Chronic Kidney Disease Guideline Development Work Group Members Ann Intern Med. 2013 Jun 4;158(11):825–30.

Röhrig G. Anemia in the frail, elderly patient. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:319–26.

Beghe C., Wilson A., Ershler W.B. Prevalence and Outcomes of Anemia in Geriatrics: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Am J Med 2004;116(7A):3–10.

Gaskell H., Derry S., Moore R.A., McQuay H.J. Prevalence of anemia in older persons: systematic review. BMC Geriatrics 2008; 8:1.

Yeap B.B., Alfonso H., Chubb S.A., Walsh J.P., Hankey G.J., Almeida O.P., Flicker L. Higher free tyroxine levels are associated with frailty in older men: the Health in Men Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 May;76(5):741–827.

Maxwell C.A., Yu F. Biological Processes and Biomarkers Related to Frailty in Older Adults: A State-of-the-Science Literature Review. 2018; 9:1099800418798047.

Ritt M., Jäger J., Ritt J.I., et al. Operationalizing a frailty index using routine blood and urine tests. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1029–1040.

Feng Z., Lugtenberg M., Franse C., et al. Risk factors and protective factors associated with incident or increase of frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178383.

Marcos-Pérez D., Sánchez-Flores M., Proietti S., Bonassi S., Costa S., Teixeira J.P., Fernández-Tajes J., Pásaro E., Valdiglesias V., Laffon B. Low Vitamin D Levels and Frailty Status in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 30;12(8):2286. doi:10.3390/nu12082286.

Rubenstein L.Z., Josephson K.R., Wieland G.D., English P.A., Sayre J.A., Kane R.L. Effectiveness of a geriatric evaluation unit. A randomized clinical trial. N Engl J Med 1984;311(26):1664–70.

Bachmann S., Finger C., Huss A., Egger M., Stuck A.E., Clough-Gorr K.M. Inpatient rehabilitation specifically designed for geriatric patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2010; 340: c1718.

Clarke R., et al. Screening for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in older persons. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;77:1241–1247.

Gould D., et al. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Journal of Clinical Nursing 2001;10:697–706.

Huskisson E.C. Measurement of pain. Lancet 1974;2: 1127–31.

Downie W.W., Leatham P.A., Rhind V.M., Wright V., Branco J.A., Anderson J.A. Studies with pain rating scales. Ann Rheum Dis 1978;37:378–81.

Scott J., Huskisson E.C. Graphic representation of pain. Pain 1976;2:175–84.

Joos E., Peretz A., Beguin S., et al. Reliability and reproducibility of visual analogue scale and numeric rating scale for therapeutic evaluation of pain in rheumatic patients. J Rheumatol 1991; 18:1269–70.

Warden V., Hurley A.C., Volicer L. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003;4(1):9–15.

Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению остеоартроза Ассоциации ревматологов России (www.reumatolog.ru).

Federal'nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniyu osteoartroza Associacii revmatologov Rossii ( http://www.reumatolog.ru) (In Russ.).

Salive M.E. Multimorbidity in older adults. Epidemiol Rev. 2013;35:75–83.

Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В., Рунихина Н.К., Фролова Е.В., Мильто А.С., Алексанян Л.А., Тюхменев Е.А., Щедрина А.Ю., Розанов А.В., Остапенко В.С., Шарашкина Н.В., Ерусланова К.А., Эсенбекова Э.Э., Федин М.А. Комплексная гериатрическая оценка у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Экспертное мнение Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров. Кардиология. 2021;61(5):71–78. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.5.n1349

Tkacheva O.N., Kotovskaya Yu.V., Runihina N.K., Frolova E.V., Mil'to A.S., Aleksanyan L.A., Tyuhmenev E.A., Shchedrina A.Yu., Rozanov A.V., Ostapenko V.S., Sharashkina N.V., Eruslanova K.A., Esenbekova E.E., Fedin M.A. Kompleksnaya geriatricheskaya ocenka u pacientov pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta s serdechnososudistymi zabolevaniyami. Ekspertnoe mnenie Rossijskoj associacii gerontologov i geriatrov. Kardiologiya. 2021;61(5):71– 78. (In Russ.).https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.5.n1349

Chou C.H., Hwang C.L., Wu Y.T. Effect of Exercise on Physical Function, Daily Living Activities, and Quality of Life in the Frail Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis // Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2012. Vol. 93. P. 237–44.

Gine-Garriga M., Roque-Figuls M., Coll-Planas L., et al. Physical Exercise Interventions for Improving Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function in Community-Dwell ing, Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014. Vol. 95. P. 753–69.

Gine-Garriga M., Roque-Figuls M., Coll-Planas L., et al. Physical Exercise Interventions for Improving PerformanceBased Measures of Physical Function in Community-Dwell ing, Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014. Vol. 95. P. 753–69.

Weening-Dijksterhuis E., de Greef M. H.G., Scherder E. J.A., et al. Frail Institutionalized Older Persons: A Comprehensive Review on Physical Exercise, Physical Fitness, Activ ities of Daily Living, and Quality-of-Life // Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2011. Vol. 90. P. 156–68.

Apóstolo J., Cooke R., Bobrowicz-Campos E., Santana S., Marcucci M., Cano A., et al. Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pre-frailty and frailty progression in older adults: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 2018; 16(1):140–232.

Izquierdo M., Lusa Cadore E. Muscle Power Training in the Institutionalized Frail: A New Approach to Counteracting Func tional Declines and Very Late-Life Disability // Curr Med Res Opin. 2014. Vol. 30. P. 1385–90.

Ali S., Garcia J.M. Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options — a mini-review. Gerontology. 2014;60(4):294–305.

Dewansingh P., Melse-Boonstra A., Krijnen W.P., van der Schans C.P., Jager-Wittenaar H., van den Heuvel E.G.H.M. Supplemental protein from dairy products increases body weight and vitamin D improves physical performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis Nutr Res. 2018;49:1–22.

Gaffney-Stomberg E., Insogna K.L., Rodriguez N.R., Kerstetter J.E. Increasing dietary protein requirements in elderly people for optimal muscle and bone health. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(6):1073–1079.

Morley J.E., Argiles J.M., Evans W.J., Bhasin S., Cella D., Deutz N.E., et al. Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11:391–6.

Paddon-Jones D., Rasmussen B.B. Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009; 12:86–90.

Calvani R., Miccheli A., Landi F., et al. Current nutritional recommendations and novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia. J Frailty Aging. 2013;2(1):38–53.

Bauer J.M., Biolo G., Cederholm T., et al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROTAGE study group // Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2013. Vol. 14 (8). P. 542–559.

Poscia A., Milovanovic S., La Milia D.I., Duplaga M., Grysztar M., Landi F., Moscato U., Magnavita N., Collamati A., Ricciardi W. Effectiveness of nutritional interventions addressed to elderly persons: umbrella systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2018;28(2):275–283.

Arnal M.A., Mosoni L., Boirie Y., et al. Protein pulse feeding improves protein retention in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(6):1202–1208.

Symons T.B., Sheffield-Moore M., Wolfe R.R., Paddon-Jones D. A moderate serving of high-quality protein maximally stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in young and elderly subjects. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109:1582–6.

Symons T.B., Sheffield-Moore M., Wolfe R.R., PaddonJones D. A moderate serving of high-quality protein maximally stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in young and elderly subjects. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109:1582–6.

Kim Ch.-O., Lee K.-R. Preventive effect of protein-energy supplementation on the functional decline of frail older adults with low socioeconomic status: a community-based randomized controlled study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013;68(3):309–16.

Normandin E., Houston D. K., Nicklas B.J. Caloric restric tion for treatment of geriatric obesity: Do the benefits outweigh the risks? // Current Nutrition Reports. 2015. Vol. 4 (2). P. 143–155.

Mathus-Vliegen E.M.H. Prevalence, pathophysiology, health consequences and treatment options of obesity in the el derly: a guideline. Obesity facts. 2012;5(3):460–483.

Freiberger E., Goisser S., Porzel S., et al. Sarcopenic obe sity and complex interventions with nutrition and exercise in com munity-dwelling older persons — a narrative review // Clinical Inter ventions in Aging. 2015.

Kuk J.L., Ardern C.I. Influence of age on the association between various measures of obesity and all-cause mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:2077–2084.

Roubenoff R. Sarcopenic obesity: the confluence of two epidemics. Obes Res 2004;12:887–88.

Stessman J., Jacobs J.M., Ein-Mor E., Bursztyn M. Normal body mass index rather than obesity predicts greater mortality in elderly people: the Jerusalem longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:2232–2238.

Schott A.M., Cormier C., Hans D., Favier F., Hausherr E., Dargent-Molina P., et al. How hip and whole-body bone mineral density predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS Prospective Study. Osteoporos Int 1998;8:247–254.

Stenholm S., Harris T.B., Rantanen T., Visser M., Kritchevsky S.B., Ferrucci L. Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:693–70.

Gillespie L.D., Robertson M.C., Gillespie W.J., et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012. Vol. 9.

Turner S., Arthur G., Lyons R. A., et al. Modification of the home environment for the reduction of injuries // The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011.(2), CD003600. doi:10.1002/14651858.

Turner S., Arthur G., Lyons R. A., et al. Modification of the home environment for the reduction of injuries // The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011.(2), CD003600. doi:10. 1002/14651858.

Cumming R.G., Thomas M., Szonyi G., et al. Home visits by an occupational therapist for assessment and modification of environmental hazards: a randomized trial of falls prevention // Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1999. Vol. 47 (12). P. 1397–1402.

Spink M., Menz H.B., Fotoohabadi M.R., et al. Effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention to prevent falls in community-dwelling older people with disabling foot pain: a randomised controlled trial // British Medical Journal. 2011. 342:d3411. doi:10.1136/bmj.d3411.

100

Menz H.B., Sherrington C. The Footwear Assessment Form: a reliable clinical tool to assess footwear characteristics of relevance to postural stability in older adults // Clinical Rehabilitation. 2000. Vol. 14 (6). P. 657–664.

101

Livingston G., Sommerlad A., Orgeta V., et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet. 2017;390(10113): 2673–2734.

102

Smith-Ray R.L. Impact of Cognitive Training on Balance and Gait in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2015;70(3):357–66.

103

Hill N.T., Mowszowski L., Naismith S.L., Chadwick V.L., Valenzuela M., Lampit A. Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174(4):329–340.

104

Ng T.P., Feng L., Nyunt M.S. et al. Nutritional, physical, cognitive, and combination interventions and frailty reversal among older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 2015;128:1225–36.

105

Tong F., Yu C., Wang L., Chi I., Fu F. Systematic Review of Efficacy of Interventions for Social Isolation of Older Adults. Front Psychol. 2021 Sep 7;12:554145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.554145

106

Poscia A., Stojanovic J., La Milia D.I., Duplaga M., Grysztar M., Moscato U., Onder G., Collamati A., Ricciardi W., Magnavita N. Interventions targeting loneliness and social isolation among the older people: An update systematic review. Exp Gerontol. 2018 Feb;102:133–144. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.017.

107

Grillich L., Titscher V., Klingenstein P., Kostial E., Emprechtinger R., Klerings I., Sommer I., Nikitin J., Laireiter A.R. The effectiveness of interventions to prevent loneliness and social isolation in the community-dwelling and old population: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2023 Apr 1;33(2):235–241. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckad006.

108

Wilson M., Mair A., Dreischulte T., Witham M.D., NHS Scotland Model of Care Polypharmacy Working Group Prescribing to fit the needs of older people the — NHS Scotland Polypharmacy Guidance. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. (2nd edition) 2015;45(2):108–113.

109

Onder G., Landi F., Fusco D., et al. Recommendations to prescribe in complex older adults: results of the CRIteria to assess appropriate Medication use among Elderly complex patients (CRIME) project. Drugs Aging. 2014;31(1):33–45.

110

Schleck M.L., Souberbielle J.C., Jandrain B., Da Silva S., De Niet S., Vanderbist F., Scheen A., Cavalier E. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Study to Evaluate the Dose-Response of Three Different Vitamin D Treatment Schemes on the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Concentration in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Nutrients. 2015 Jul 3;7(7):5413–22.

111

Bruyčre O., Cavalier E., Buckinx F., Reginster J.Y. Relevance of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and therapy of frailty. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017;20(1):26–9.

112

Дефицит витамина D у взрослых: Диагностика, лечение и профилактика / Клинические рекомендации 2021 г.

Deficit vitamina D u vzroslyh: Diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika / Klinicheskie rekomendacii 2021 g. (In Russ.)

113

Рожинская Л.Я., Пигарова Е.А., Багрецова А.А., Вербовой А.Ф., Кондратьева Н.Г., Василевская О.А., Василюк В.Б., Манько М.В., Шуньков В.Б., Гребенникова Т.А. Применение высокодозных препаратов колекальциферола для лечения дефицита витамина D: результаты открытого многоцентрового сравнительного рандомизированного исследования. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2020;23(3):4–16.

Rozhinskaya L.Ya., Pigarova E.A., Bagrecova A.A., Verbovoj A.F., Kondrat'eva N.G., Vasilevskaya O.A., Vasilyuk V.B., Man'ko M.V., Shun'kov V.B., Grebennikova T.A. Primenenie vysokodoznyh preparatov kolekal'ciferola dlya lecheniya deficita vitamina D: rezul'taty otkrytogo mnogocentrovogo sravnitel'nogo randomizirovannogo issledovaniya. Osteoporoz i osteopatii. 2020;23(3):4–16 (In Russ.).

114

Zhao J.G., Zeng X.T., Wang J., Liu L. Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2017;318(24):2466–2482.

115

Vriendt P., Peersman W., Florus A., Verbeke M., Van de Velde D. Improving health related quality of life and independence in community dwelling frail older adults through a clientcentred and activity-oriented program. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2016;20(1):35–40.

116

Naghshi S., et al. Total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intake and risk of all-cause cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta- analysis of prospective cohort studies // Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. Taylor & Francis, 2021. P. 1–12.

117

Black D.M., Cummings S.R., Karpf D.B., et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet. 1996; 348:1535–1541.

118

Orwoll E., Ettinger M., Weiss S., Miller P., Kendler D., Graham J., Adami S., Weber K., Lorenc R., Pietschmann P., Vandormael K., Lombardi A. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 31;343(9):604–10. doi:10.1056/NEJM200008313430902.

119

Reid D.M., Devogelaer J.P., Saag K., Roux C., Lau C.S., Reginster J.Y., Papanastasiou P., Ferreira A., Hartl F., Fashola T., Mesenbrink P., Sambrook P.N. HORIZON investigators. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Apr 11;373(9671):1253–63. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60250-6.

120

Reid I.R., Horne A.M., Mihov B., Stewart A., Garratt E., Wong S., Wiessing K.R., Bolland M.J., Bastin S., Gamble G.D. Fracture Prevention with Zoledronate in Older Women with Osteopenia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2407–2416. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1808082.

121

Cummings S., Martin J., McClung M., et al. Denosumab for Prevention of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):756–65.

122

Langdahl B., Teglbjærg C., Ho P., et al. A 24-Month Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab for the Treatment of Men With Low Bone Mineral Density: Results From the ADAMO Trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2015;100(4):1335–1342.

123

Tsai J., Uihlein A., Burnett-Bowie S., et al. Comparative Effects of Teriparatide, Denosumab, and Combination Therapy on Peripheral Compartmental Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Strength: the DATA-HRpQCT Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;30(1):39–45.

124

Cohen H., Feussner J.R., Weinberger M., Carnes M., Hamdy R.C., Hsieh F., et al. A controlled trial of inpatient and outpatient geriatric evaluation and management. N Engl J Med 2002;346(12):905–12.

125

NICE guideline. Multimorbidity: clinical assessment and management. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng56NICE

126

Benetos A., Bulpitt C.J., Petrovic M., Ungar A., Agabiti Rosei E., Cherubini A., Redon J., Grodzicki T., Dominiczak A., Strandberg T., Mancia G. An Expert Opinion From the European Society of Hypertension-European Union Geriatric Medicine Society Working Group on the Management of Hypertension in Very Old, Frail Subjects. Hypertension. 2016;67(5):820–5.

127

Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В., Рунихина Н.К., Фролова Е.В., Остапенко В.С., Шарашкина Н.В., Баранова Е.И., Булгакова С.В., Виллевальде С.В., Дупляков Д.В., Ильницкий А.Н., Кисляк О.А., Кобалава Ж.Д., Конради А.О., Недогода С.В., Орлова Я.А., Погосова Н.В., Прощаев К.И., Чумакова Г.А. Артериальная гипертония и антигипертензивная терапия у пациентов старших возрастных групп. Согласованное мнение экспертов Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров, Антигипертензивной Лиги, Национального общества профилактической кардиологии. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2021;17(4):642–661. https://doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2021-07-01

Tkacheva O.N., Kotovskaya Yu.V., Runihina N.K., Frolova E.V., Ostapenko V.S., Sharashkina N.V., Baranova E.I., Bulgakova S.V., Villeval'de S.V., Duplyakov D.V., Il'nickij A.N., Kislyak O.A., Kobalava Zh.D., Konradi A.O., Nedogoda S.V., Orlova Ya.A., Pogosova N.V., Proshchaev K.I., Chumakova G.A. Arterial'naya gipertoniya i antigipertenzivnaya terapiya u pacientov starshih vozrastnyh grupp. Soglasovannoe mnenie ekspertov Rossijskoj associacii gerontologov i geriatrov, Antigipertenzivnoj Ligi, Nacional'nogo obshchestva profilakticheskoj kardiologii. Racional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2021;17(4):642–661. (In Russ.).https://doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2021-07-01

128

Odden M.C., Covinsky K.E., Neuhaus J.M., Mayeda E.R., Peralta C.A., Haan M.N. The association of blood pressure and mortality differs by selfreported walking speed in older Latinos. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.2012;67:977–983.

129

Ogliari G., Westendorp R.G., Muller M., Mari D., Torresani E., Felicetta I., Lucchi T., Rossi P.D., Sabayan B., de Craen A.J. Blood pressure and 10-year mortality risk in the Milan Geriatrics 75+ Cohort Study: role of functional and cognitive status. Age Ageing. 2015;44:932–937.

130

Benetos A., Labat C., Rossignol P., Fay R., Rolland Y., Valbusa F., Salvi P., Zamboni M., Manckoundia P., Hanon O., Gautier S. Treatment with multiple blood pressure medications, achieved blood pressure, and mortality in older nursing home residents: The PARTAGE Study. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:989–995.

131

Mossello E., Pieraccioli M., Nesti N., Bulgaresi M., Lorenzi C., Caleri V., Tonon E., Cavallini M.C., Baroncini C., Di Bari M., Baldasseroni S., Cantini C., Biagini C.A., Marchionni N., Ungar A. Effects of low blood pressure in cognitively impaired elderly patients treated with antihypertensive drugs. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:578–585.

132

Garrison S.R., Kolber M.R., Korownyk C.S., McCracken R.K., Heran B.S., Allan G.M. Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;8:CD011575.

133

Angelousi A., Girerdb N., Benetos A., Frimat L., Gautier S., Weryha G., Boivin J.M. Association between orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular risk, cerebrovascular risk, cognitive decline and falls as well as overall mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1562–1571.

134

Mol A., Reijnierse E.M., Bui Hoang P.T.S., et al. Orthostatic hypotension and physical functioning in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;48:122–144.

135

Peters R., et al Orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic subclinical orthostatic hypotension increase risk of cognitive impairment: an integrated evidence review and analysis of a large older adult hypertensive cohort. European Heart Journal (2018)00,1–9.

136

Ettehad D., Emdin C.A., Kiran A., Anderson S.G., Callender T., Emberson J., Chalmers J., Rodgers A., Rahimi K. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016;387:957–967.

137

Thomopoulos C., Parati G., Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. Effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugs–overview and meta-analyses. J Hypertens 2015;33:195–211.

138

Антитромботическая терапия в пожилом и старческом возрасте: согласованное мнение экспертов // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017. Т. 16. № 3. С. 4–33

Antitromboticheskaya terapiya v pozhilom i starcheskom vozraste: soglasovannoe mnenie ekspertov // Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2017. T. 16. № 3. S. 4–33 (In Russ.).

139

Marinigh R., Lip G.Y., Fiotti N., Giansante C., Lane D.A. Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: implications for thromboprophylaxis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:827–837.

140

Gage B.F., Boechler M., Doggette A.L., Fortune G., Flaker G.C., Rich M.W., Radford M.J. Adverse outcomes and predictors of underuse of antithrombotic therapy in medicare beneficiaries with chronic atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2000;31:822–827.

141

Andreotti F., Rocca B., Husted S., Ajjan R.A., Ten Berg J., Cattaneo M., Collet J.P., De Caterina R., Fox K.A., Halvorsen S., Huber K., Hylek E.M., Lip G.Y., Montalescot G., Morais J., Patrono C., Verheugt F.W., Wallentin L., Weiss T.W., Storey R.F.; ESC Thrombosis Working Group. Antithrombotic therapy in the elderly: expert position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Eur Heart J 2015;36:3238–324.

142

Hindricks G., Potpara T., Dagres N., Arbelo E., Bax J.J., Blomström-Lundqvist C., Boriani G., Castella M., Dan G.A., Dilaveris P.E., Fauchier L., Filippatos G., Kalman J.M., La Meir M., Lane D.A., Lebeau J.P., Lettino M., Lip G.Y.H., Pinto F.J., Thomas G.N., Valgimigli M., Van Gelder I.C., Van Putte B.P., Watkins C.L.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612.

143

Lewis J., Bethishou L., Tsu L.V. Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Patients: A Review of Clinical Guidelines and Updated Evidence. Sr Care Pharm. 2019;34(9):580–594.

144

McNeil J.J., Wolfe R., Woods R.L., Tonkin A.M., Donnan G.A., Nelson M.R., et al; ASPREE Investigator Group. Effect of Aspirin on Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1509–1518. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1805819. Epub.

145

McNeil J.J., Woods R.L., Nelson M.R., Reid C.M., Kirpach B., Wolfe R., et al; ASPREE Investigator Group. Effect of Aspirin on Disability-free Survival in the Healthy Elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1499–1508.

146

Palmerini T., Della Riva D., Benedetto U., et al. Three, six, or twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after DES implantation in patients with or without acute coronary syndromes: an individual patient data pairwise and network metaanalysis of six randomized trials and 11473 patients. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(14):1034–1043.

147

Zhao G., Zhou M., Ma C., et al. In-Hospital Outcomes of Dual Loading Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients ars and Older With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Findings From the CCC-ACS (Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome) Project. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7(7): e008100.

148

Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1706–17.

149

Montalescot G., van ’t Hof A.W., Lapostolle F., Silvain J., Lassen J.F., Bolognese L., Cantor W.J., Cequier A., Chettibi M., Goodman S.G., Hammett C.J., Huber K., Janzon M., Merkely B., Storey R.F., Zeymer U., Stibbe O., Ecollan P., Heutz W.M., Swahn E., Collet J.P., Willems F.F., Baradat C., Licour M., Tsatsaris A., Vicaut E., Hamm C.W. ATLANTIC Investigators. Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2014;371(11):1016–1027.

150

Wallentin L., Becker R.C., Budaj A., Cannon C.P., Emanuelsson H., Held C., Horrow J., Husted S., James S., Katus H., Mahaffey K.W., Scirica B.M., Skene A., Steg P.G., Storey R.F., Harrington R.A.; PLATO Investigators; Freij A., Thorsen M. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;361(11):1045–1057.

151

Sanchez P.L., Gimeno F., Ancillo P., et al. Role of the paclitaxel-eluting stent and tirofiban in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing postfibrinolysis angioplasty: the GRACIA-3 randomized clinical trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3(4):297–307.

152

Sonawane S., Kasbekar N., Bers J.S. The safety of heparins in end-stage renal disease. Semin Dial. 2006 Jul-Aug;19(4):305–10.

153

Lazrak H.H., René É., Elftouh N., Leblanc M., Lafrance J.P. Safety of low-molecular-weight heparin compared to unfractionated heparin in hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2017 Jun 7;18(1):187. doi:10.1186/s12882-017-0596-4.

154

US Preventive Services Task Force; Bibbins-Domingo K., Grossman D.C., Curry S.J., Davidson K.W., Epling J.W. Jr, García F.A., Gillman M.W., Kemper A.R., Krist A.H., Kurth A.E., Landefeld C.S., LeFevre M.L., Mangione C.M., Phillips W.R., Owens D.K., Phipps M.G., Pignone M.P. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2016;316(19):1997–2007.

155

Savarese G., Gotto A.M. Jr, Paolillo S., et al. Benefits of statins in elderly subjects without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:2090–9.

156

Teng M., Lin L., Zhao Y.J., et al. Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in elderly patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Drugs Aging. 2015;32:649–61.

157

Kutner J.S., Blatchford P.J., Taylor D.H. Jr, et al. Safety and benefit of discontinuing statin therapy in the setting of advanced, life-limiting illness: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA

158

Ponikowski P., Voors A.A., Anker S.D., et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2016. 37:2129–200.

159

Gorodeski E.Z., Goyal P., Hummel S.L., et al. Domain Management Approach to Heart Failure in the Geriatric Patient. Present and Future. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:1921–36.

160

Hopper I., Samuel R., Hayward C., Tonkin A., Krum H. Can medications be safely withdrawn in patients with stable chronic heart failure? Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Fail 2014;20:522–32.

161

Komajda М., Hanon O., Hochadel M., et al. Contemporary management of octogenarians hospitalized for heart failure in Europe: Euro Heart Failure Survey II. European Heart Journal. 2009;30:478–486.

162

Burnett H., Earley A., Voors A.A., et al. Thirty Years of Evidence on the Efficacy of Drug Treatments for Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Network MetaAnalysis. Circ Heart Fail. 2017 Jan; 10(1): e003529.

163

Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Галстян Г.Р. и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой; 8-й вып. // Сахарный диабет. 2017;20(1S):1–121.

164

Wiener D.C., Larson R.J. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(8):933–44.

165

Huang E.S., Laiteerapong N., Liu J.Y., John P.M., Moffet H.H., Karter A.J., et al. Rates of complications and mortality in older patients with diabetes mellitus: the diabetes and aging study. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:251–25.

166

Duckworth W., Abraira C., Moritz T., Reda D., Emanuele N., Reaven P., Zeive F.J., Marks J., David S.N., Hayward R., Warren S.R., Goldman S., McCarren M., Vitek M.E., Henderson W.G., Huang G.D. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Eng J Med 2009. 360(2):129–139.

167

Ismail-Beigi F., Craven T., Banerji M.A., et al. ACCORD trial group Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376:419–430.

168

Yaffe K., Falvey C., Hamilton N., et al. Diabetes, glucose control, and 9-year cognitive decline among older adults without dementia. Arch Neurol 2012;69:1170–1175.

169

Launer L.J., Miller M.E., Williamson J.D., et al.; ACCORD MIND Investigators. Effects of intensive glucose lowering on brain structure and function in people with type 2 diabetes (ACCORD MIND): a randomised open-label substudy. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:969–977.

170

Munshi M.N., Pandya N., Umpierrez G.E., et al. Contributions of basal and prandial hyperglycemia to total hyperglycemia in older and younger adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:535–41.

171

Moore E., Mander A., Ames D., Carne R., Sanders K., Watters D. Cognitive impairment and vitamin B12: a review. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012;24(4):541–56.

172

Sorbi S., Hort J., Erkinjuntti T., Fladby T., Gainotti G., Gurvit H., Nacmias B., Pasquier F., Popescu B.O., Rektorova I., Religa D., Rusina R., Rossor M., Schmidt R., Stefanova E., Warren J.D., Scheltens P.; EFNS Scientist Panel on Dementia and Cognitive Neurology. EFNS-ENS Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of disorders associated with dementia. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19(9):1159–79.

173

Ngo J., Holroyd-Leduc J.M. Systematic review of recent dementia practice guidelines. Age Ageing. 2015;44(1):25–33.

174

Wirth Y., Goebel C. Memantine in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: meta-analyses using realistic definitions of response Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2014;37(1–2):71–85.

175

Molino I., Colucci L., Fasanaro A.M., Traini E., Amenta F. Efficacy of memantine, donepezil, or their association in moderate-severe Alzheimer's disease: a review of clinical trials. Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013:925702.

176

Chen Y.D., Zhang J., Wang Y., Yuan J.L., Hu W.L. Efficacy of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Vascular Dementia: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Eur Neurol. 2016;75(3–4):132–41.

177

Di Santo S.G., Prinelli F., Adorni F., Caltagirone C., Musicco M. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine in relation to severity of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;35(2):349–61.

178

Rountree S.D., Atri A., Lopez O.L., Doody R.S. Effectiveness of antidementia drugs in delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. Alzheimers Dement. 2013 May;9(3):338–45.

179

Masopust J., Protopopová D., Vališ M., Pavelek Z., Klímová B. Treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementias with psychopharmaceuticals: a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:1211–1220.

180

Bridle C., Spanjers K., Patel S., Atherton N.M., Lamb S.E. Effect of exercise on depression severity in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;201:180–185.

181

Dickens A.P., Richards S.H., Greaves C.J., Campbell J.L. Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:647.

182

Cruwys T., Dingle G.A., Haslam C., Haslam S.A., Jetten J., Morton T.A. Social group memberships protect against future depression, alleviate depression symptoms and prevent depression relapse. Soc Sci Med. 2013;98:179–186.

183

Forsman A.K., Schierenbeck I., Wahlbeck K. Psychosocial interventions for the prevention of depression in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Aging Health. 2011;23:387–416.

184

Alamo C., López-Muñoz F., García-García P., García-Ramos S. Risk-benefit analysis of antidepressant drug treatment in the elderly. Psychogeriatrics. 2014;14(4):261–8.

Alamo C., López-Muñoz F., García-García P., GarcíaRamos S. Risk-benefit analysis of antidepressant drug treatment in the elderly. Psychogeriatrics. 2014;14(4):261–8.

185

Sultana J., Spina E., Trifirò G. Antidepressant use in the elderly: the role of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in drug safety. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2015 Jun;11(6):883–92.

186

MacQueen G.M., Frey B.N., Ismail Z., et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder. Canadian journal of psychiatry. 2016;61(9):588–603.

187

Rivière J., van der Mast R.C., Vandenberghe J., Van Den Eede F. Efficacy and Tolerability of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Delirium: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Psychosomatics. 2018. pii: S0033-3182(18)30258-5.

188

Rastogi R., Meek B.D. Management of chronic pain in elderly, frail patients: finding a suitable, personalized method of control. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:37–4.

189

American Geriatrics Society Panel on the Pharmacological Management of Persistent Pain in Older Persons. Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(8):1331–1346.

190

Каратеев А.Е., Насонов Е.Л., Яхно Н.Н. и др. Клинические рекомендации «Рациональное применение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) в клинической практике». Современная ревматология. 2015;(1):4–23.

Karateev A.E., Nasonov E.L., Yahno N.N. i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendacii «Racional'noe primenenie nesteroidnyh protivovospalitel'nyh preparatov (NPVP) v klinicheskoj praktike». Sovremennaya revmatologiya. 2015;(1):4– 23 (In Russ.)

191

Оганов Р.Г., Ткачева О.Н. и соавт. Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Клинические рекомендации. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017;16 (6):5–56

Oganov R.G., Tkacheva O.N. i soavt. Komorbidnaya patologiya v klinicheskoj praktike. Klinicheskie rekomendacii. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2017;16 (6):5–56 (In Russ.)

192

Wehling M.F. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in chronic pain conditions with special emphasis on the elderly and patients with relevant comorbidities: management and mitigation of risks and adverse effects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70(2014):1159–1172.

193

Williams C.M., Maher C.G., Latimer J., McLachlan A.J., Hancock M.J., Day R.O., Lin C.-W.C. Efficacy of paracetamol for acute low-back pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;384(9954).

194

Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Willett W.C., Wong J.B., et al. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(6):551–61.

195

Mushtaq S., Choudhary R., Scanzello C.R. Non-surgical treatment of osteoarthritis-related pain in the elderly. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2011;4(3):113–22.

196

Клинические рекомендации КР 87 «Остеопороз».

Klinicheskie rekomendacii KR 87 «Osteoporoz». (In Russ.).

197

Prather H., Watson J.O., Gilula L.A. Nonoperative management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Injury. 2007 Sep;38(3):40–8.

198

Freedman B.A., Potter B.K., Nesti L.J., et al. Osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures-continued missed opportunities. The Spine Journal: official journal of the North American Spine Society. 2008 Sep-Oct;8(5):756–62.

199

Singh J.A., Noorbaloochi S., MacDonald R., Maxwell L.J. The Cochrane Collaboration Chondroitin for osteoarthritis. Cochrane Libr, 2015.

200

Zhang W., Nuki G., Moskowitz R.W., Abramson S., Altman R.D., Arden N.K., et al. OARSI recommendations for themanagement of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society 2010;18(4):476e99.

201

Towheed T., Maxwell L., Anastassiades T.P., Shea B., Houpt J., Welch V., Hochberg M.C., Wells G.A. Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002946.

202

Kongtharvonskul J., Anothaisintawee T., McEvoy M., Attia J., Woratanarat P., Thakkinstian A. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine, diacerein, and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis knee: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2015; 20(1):24.

203

Fidelix T.S.A., Macedo C.R., Maxwell L.J., Fernandes Moça Trevisani V. Diacerein for osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD005117.

204

Montgomery S., Chatamra K., Pauer L., Whalen E., Baldinetti F. (2008). Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in elderly people with generalised anxiety disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193(5):389–394.

205

Клинические рекомендации КР 616 «Хроническая боль у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста». https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/616_1

Klinicheskie rekomendacii KR 616 «Hronicheskaya bol' u pacientov pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta». (In Russ.)]. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/616_1

206

Bruehl S., Apkarian A.V., Ballantyne J.C., et al. Personalized medicine and opioid analgesic prescribing for chronic pain: opportunities and challenges. J Pain. 2013;14(2):103–13.

207

Monteserin E., Brotons C., Moral I., Altimir S., San José A., Santaeugenia S., et al. Effectiveness of a geriatric intervention in primary care: a randomized clinical trial. Fam Pract 2010;27(3):239–45.

208

Behm L., Eklund K., Wilhelmson K., Zidén L., Gustafsson S., Falk K., et al. Health promotion can postpone frailty: Results from the RCT elderly persons in the Risk Zone. Public Health Nurs 2016;33(4):303–15.

209

Graf C. Functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Am J Nurs 2006;106:58.25.

210

Flaherty J.H. Insomnia among hospitalized older persons. Clin Geriatr Med 2008;24:51.31.

211

Vaurio L.E., Sands L.P., Wang Y., et al. Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management. Anesth Analg 2006; 102:1267.

212

Inouye S.K., Bogardus S.T. Jr, Charpentier P.A., et al. A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. N Engl J Med 1999;340(9):669–676.

213

Corcoran P.J. Use it or lose it — the hazards of bed rest and inactivity. West J Med 1991;154(5):536–538.

214

Girard T.D. Crit Care Clin. 2018;34(4):585–598.

215

Surkan M.J., Gibson W. Interventions to Mobilize Elderly Patients and Reduce Length of Hospital Stay. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34(7):881–888.

216

Van Grootven B., McNicoll L., Mendelson D.A., Friedman S.M., Fagard K., Milisen K., Flamaing J., Deschodt M.; G-COACH consortium. Quality indicators for in-hospital geriatric co-management programmes: a systematic literature review and international Delphi study. BMJ Open.2018;8(3):e020617.

217

Guirguis-Blake J.M., Michael Y.L., Perdue L.A., Coppola E.L., Beil T.L. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319(16):1705–171.

218

Porter-Armstrong A.P., Moore Z.E., Bradbury I., McDonough S. Education of healthcare professionals for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 25;5:CD011620.

219

Jiang X., Gruner M., Trémollieres F., Pluskiewicz W., Sornay-Rendu E., Adamczyk P., Schnatz P.F. Diagnostic accuracy of FRAX in predicting the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures using the USA treatment thresholds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone. 2017 Jun;99:20–25.

220

Marques A., Ferreira R.J., Santos E., Loza E., Carmona L., da Silva J.A. The accuracy of osteoporotic fracture risk prediction tools: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Nov;74(11):1958–67.

221

Rubin K.H., Friis-Holmberg T., Hermann A.P., Abrahamsen B., Brixen K. Risk assessment tools to identify women with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: complexity or simplicity? A systematic review. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Aug;28(8):1701–17.

222

Matsushita K., Mahmoodi B.K., Woodward M., Emberson J.R., Jafar T.H., Jee S.H., Polkinghorne K.R., Shankar A., Smith D.H., Tonelli M., Warnock D.G., Wen C.P., Coresh J., Gansevoort R.T., Hemmelgarn B.R., Levey A.S.; Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Comparison of risk prediction using the CKD-EPI equation and the MDRD study equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate. JAMA. 2012 May 9;307(18):1941–51.

223

Padala S., Tighiouart H., Inker L.A., Contreras G., Beck G.J., Lewis J., Steffes M., Rodby R.A., Schmid C.H., Levey A.S. Accuracy of a GFR estimating equation over time in people with a wide range of kidney function. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Aug;60(2):217–24.

224

Schwandt A., Denkinger M., Fasching P., Pfeifer M., Wagner C., Weiland J., Zeyfang A., Holl R.W. Comparison of MDRD, CKD-EPI, and Cockcroft-Gault equation in relation to measured glomerular filtration rate among a large cohort with diabetes. Diabetes Complications. 2017 Sep;31(9):1376–1383.

225

Pottel H., Hoste L., Yayo E., Delanaye P. Glomerular Filtration Rate in Healthy Living Potential Kidney Donors: A Meta-Analysis Supporting the Construction of the Full Age Spectrum Equation. Nephron. 2017;135(2):105–119.

226

Rockwood K., Song X., MacKnight C., Bergman H., Hogan D.B., McDowell I., Mitnitski A. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005 Aug 30;173(5):489–95.

227

Pilotto A., Custodero C., Maggi S., Polidori M.C., Veronese N., Ferrucci L. A Multidimensional Approach to Frailty in Older People. Ageing Res Rev. 2020:101047.

228

Michalik C., Juszczak K., Maciukiewicz P., Drewa T., Kenig J. Geriatric assessment among elderly patients undergoing urological surgery: A systematic literature review. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2020 Mar 24. doi:10.17219/acem/115085. [Epub ahead of print]

229

Baldasseroni S., Pratesi A., Orso F., Forte A.L., Baroncini A.C., Lucarelli G., Ghiara C., Caramelli F., Marchionni N., Ungar A. Role of Frailty on Risk Stratification in Cardiac Surgery and Procedures. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1216:99–113.

230

Giaccherini L., Galaverni M., Renna I., Timon G., Galeandro M., Pisanello A., Russo M., Botti A., Iotti C., Ciammella P. Role of multidimensional assessment of frailty in predicting outcomes in older patients with glioblastoma treated with adjuvant concurrent chemo-radiation. J Geriatr Oncol. 2019 Sep;10(5):770–77.

231

Lakomkin N., Zuckerman S.L., Stannard B., Montejo J., Sussman E.S., Virojanapa J., Kuzmik G., Goz V., Hadjipanayis C.G., Cheng J.S. Preoperative Risk Stratification in Spine Tumor Surgery: A Comparison of the Modified Charlson Index, Frailty Index, and ASA Score. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 Jul 1;44(13):E782–E787.

232

Salazar A.S., Recinos L.M., Mian H.S., Stoll C., Simon L.E., Sekhon S., Colditz G.A., Wildes T.M. Geriatric Assessment and Frailty Scores Predict Mortality in Myeloma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2019;19(8):488–496.e6.

233

Boakye D., Rillmann B., Walter V., Jansen L., Hoffmeister M., Brenner H. Impact of comorbidity and frailty on prognosis in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;64:30–39.

234

Abdullahi Y.S., Athanasopoulos L.V., Casula R.P., Moscarelli M., Bagnall M., Ashrafian H., Athanasiou T. Systematic review on the predictive ability of frailty assessment measures in cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017;24(4):619–624.

235

Inouye S.K., van Dyck C.H., Alessi C.A., Balkin S., Siegal A.P., Horwitz R.I. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method: a new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(12):941–948.

236

Wei L., Fearing M., Sternberg E., Inouye S. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(5):823–83.

237

Sillner A.Y., Holle C.L., Rudolph J.L. The Overlap Between Falls and Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Clin Geriatr Med. 2019;35(2):221.

238

Viswanathan M., Reddy S., Berkman N., Cullen K., Middleton J.C., Nicholson W.K., Kahwati L.C. Screening to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018 Jun 26;319(24):2532–2551.

239

Mol A., Reijnierse E.M., Bui Hoang P.T.S., van Wezel R.J.A., Meskers C.G.M., Maier A.B. Orthostatic hypotension and physical functioning in older adults: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2018 Dec;48:122–144. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.007. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

240

Mol A., Bui Hoang P.T.S., Sharmin S., Reijnierse E.M., van Wezel R.J.A., Meskers C.G.M., Maier A.B. Orthostatic Hypotension and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(5):589–597.e5.

241

Min M., Shi T., Sun C., Liang M., Zhang Y., Tian S., Sun Y. The association between orthostatic hypotension and cognition and stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Blood Press. 2020 Feb;29(1):3–12.

242

Peters R., Anstey K.J., Booth A., Beckett N., Warwick J., Antikainen R., Rockwood K., Peters J., Bulpitt C.J. Orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic subclinical orthostatic hypotension increase risk of cognitive impairment: an integrated evidence review and analysis of a large older adult hypertensive cohort. Eur Heart J. 2018 Sep 1;39(33):3135–3143.

243

WHO Global Report on Falls Prevention in Older Age. 2007. Доступно на https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43811

244

Burns E., Kakara R. Deaths from falls among persons aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2007–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(18):509–514.

245

Florence C.S., Bergen G., Atherly A., Burns E., Stevens J., Drake C. Medical costs of fatal and nonfatal falls in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(4):693–698.

246

Fukuoka H., Afshari N.A. The impact of age-related cataract on measures of frailty in an aging global population. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017 ;28(1):93–97.

247

Swenor B.K., Lee M.J., Tian J., Varadaraj V., Bandeen-Roche K. Visual Impairment and Frailty: Examining an Understudied Relationship. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(3):596–602.

Swenor B.K., Lee M.J., Tian J., Varadaraj V., BandeenRoche K. Visual Impairment and Frailty: Examining an Understudied Relationship. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(3):596–602.

248

Varadaraj V., Lee M.J., Tian J., Ramulu P.Y., Bandeen-Roche K., Swenor B.K. Near Vision Impairment and Frailty: Evidence of an Association. Am J Ophthalmol 2019;208:234–241.

Varadaraj V., Lee M.J., Tian J., Ramulu P.Y., BandeenRoche K., Swenor B.K. Near Vision Impairment and Frailty: Evidence of an Association. Am J Ophthalmol 2019;208:234–241.

249

Liljas A.E.M., Carvalho L.A., Papachristou E., De Oliveira C., Wannamethee S.G., Ramsay S.E., Walters K.R. Self-reported vision impairment and incident prefrailty and frailty in English community-dwelling older adults: findings from a 4-year follow-up study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017;71(11):1053–1058. doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209207. Epub 2017 Aug 10.

250

Liljas A.E.M., Carvalho L.A., Papachristou E., Oliveira C., Wannamethee S.G., Ramsay S.E., Walters K. Self-Reported Hearing Impairment and Incident Frailty in English CommunityDwelling Older Adults: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(5):958–965.

251

Panza F., Lozupone M., Sardone R., Battista P., Piccininni M., Dibello V., La Montagna M., Stallone R., Venezia P., Liguori A., Giannelli G., Bellomo A., Greco A., Daniele A., Seripa D., Quaranta N., Logroscino G. Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2018 Nov ;10:2040622318811000.

252

Panza F., Solfrizzi V., Logroscino G. Age-related hearing impairment-a risk factor and frailty marker for dementia and AD. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11(3):166–75.

253

Pirker W., Katzenschlager R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly: A clinical guide. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017 Feb;129(3–4):81–95. doi:10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4.

254

Vellas B., Guigoz Y., Garry P.J., Nourhashemi F., Bennahum D., Lauque S., Albarede J.L. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Nutrition. 1999 Feb;15(2):116–22.

255

Marshall S., Craven D., Kelly J., Isenring E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the criterion validity of nutrition assessment tools for diagnosing protein-energy malnutrition in the older community setting (the MACRo study). Clin Nutr. 2018 Dec;37 (6 Pt A):1902–1912. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.022. Epub 2017 Oct 12.

256

Perracini M.R., Mello M., de Oliveira Máximo R., Bilton T.L., Ferriolli E., Lustosa L.P., da Silva Alexandre T. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery for Detecting Frailty in Older People. Phys Ther. 2020 Jan 23;100(1):90–98. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz154.

257

Chang S.F., Yang R.S., Lin T.C., Chiu S.C., Chen M.L., Lee H.C. The discrimination of using the short physical performance battery to screen frailty for community-dwelling elderly people. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2014 May;46(3):207–15. doi:10.1111/jnu.12068. Epub 2014 Feb 6.

258

Barry E., Galvin R., Keogh C., Horgan F., Fahey T. Is the Timed Up and Go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2014 Feb 1;14:14. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-14.

259

Lusardi M.M., Fritz S., Middleton A., Allison L., Wingood M., Phillips E., Criss M., Verma S., Osborne J., Chui K.K. Determining Risk of Falls in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Using Posttest Probability. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2017 Jan/Mar;40(1):1–36.

260

Park S.H. Tools for assessing fall risk in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018 Jan;30(1):1–16.

261

Bobos P., Nazari G., Lu Z., MacDermid J.C. Measurement Properties of the Hand Grip Strength Assessment: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(3):553–565.

262

Roedl K.J., Wilson L.S., Fine J. A systematic review and comparison of functional assessments of community-dwelling elderly patients. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2016 Mar;28(3):160–9. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12273.

263

Hopman-Rock M., van Hirtum H., de Vreede P., Freiberger E. Activities of daily living in older communitydwelling persons: a systematic review of psychometric properties of instruments. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(7):917–925. doi:10.1007/s40520-018-1034-6. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

264

Chu W., Chang S.F., Ho H.Y., Lin H.C. The Relationship Between Depression and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 84,351 Older Adults. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2019;51(5):547–559.

265

Soysal P., Veronese N., Thompson T., Kahl K.G., Fernandes B.S., Prina A.M., Solmi M., Schofield P., Koyanagi A., Tseng P.T., Lin P.Y., Chu C.S., Cosco T.D., Cesari M., Carvalho A.F., Stubbs B. Relationship between depression and frailty in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;36:78–87.

266

Ofori-Asenso R., Chin K.L., Mazidi M., Zomer E., Ilomaki J., Zullo A.R., Gasevic D., Ademi Z., Korhonen M.J., LoGiudice D., Bell J.S., Liew D. Global Incidence of Frailty and Prefrailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Aug 2;2(8):e198398.

267

Siriwardhana D.D., Hardoon S., Rait G., Weerasinghe M.C., Walters K.R. Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):e018195.

268

Besora-Moreno M., Llauradó E., Tarro L., Solà R. Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 11;12(3).

Besora-Moreno M., Llauradó E., Tarro L., Solà R. Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 11;12(3).

269

Kharicha K., Iliffe S., Harari D., Swift C., Gillmann G., Stuck A.E. Health risk appraisal in older people 1: Are older people living alone an «at-risk» group? Br J Gen Pract. 2007 Apr;57(537):271–276.

270

Seeman T.E., Lusignolo T.M., Albert M., Berkman L. Social relationships, social support, and patterns of cognitive aging in healthy, high-functioning older adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Health Psychol. 2001 Jul;20(4):243–255.

271

Jansen S., Bhangu J., de Rooij S., Daams J., Kenny R.A., van der Velde N. The Association of Cardiovascular Disorders and Falls: A Systematic Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(3):193–9.

272

Brignole M., Moya A., de Lange F.J., Deharo J.C., Elliott P.M., Fanciulli A., Fedorowski A., Furlan R., Kenny R.A., Martín A., Probst V., Reed M.J., Rice C.P., Sutton R., Ungar A., van Dijk J.G.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(21):1883–1948.

273

Beynon R., Sterne J.A., Wilcock G., et al. Is MRI better than CT for detecting a vascular component to dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol. 2012;12(33):1–10.

274

Health Quality Ontario. The appropriate use of neuroimaging in the diagnostic work-up of dementia: an evidencebased analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2014;14(1):1–64.

275

Clarfield A.M. The decreasing prevalence of reversible dementias: an updated meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2219–2229.

276

Lam R.W., Kennedy S.H., Parikh S.V., MacQueen G.M., Milev R.V., Ravindran A.V. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: introduction and methods. Can J Psychiatry 2016;61:506–9.

277

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: recognition and management 2009. October 2009. (https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90).

278

Ghoniem G., Stanford E., Kenton K., et al. Evaluation and outcome measures in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence: International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) guidelines for research and clinical practice. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19:5–33.

279

Fritel X., Fauconnier A., Bader G., et al. Diagnosis and management of adult female stress urinary incontinence: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010;151:14–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.02.041.

280

Thuroff J.W., Abrams P., Andersson K.E., et al. EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence. Eur Urol. 2011;59:387–400.

281

Fávaro-Moreira N.C., Krausch-Hofmann S., Matthys C., Vereecken C., Vanhauwaert E., Declercq A., Bekkering G.E. Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature Based on Longitudinal Data. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(3):507–22.

282

Gomes F., Schuetz P., Bounoure L., Austin P., Ballesteros-Pomar M., Cederholm T., Fletcher J., Laviano A., Norman K., Poulia K.A., et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutritional support for polymorbid internal medicine patients. Clin. Nutr. 2018;37:336–353.

283

Bannuru R.R., Osani M.C., Vaysbrot E.E., Arden N.K., Bennell K., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M.A., Kraus V.B., Lohmander L.S., Abbott J.H., Bhandari M., Blanco F.J., Espinosa R., Haugen I.K., Lin J., Mandl L.A., Moilanen E., Nakamura N., Snyder-Mackler L., Trojian T., Underwood M., McAlindon T.E. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Nov;27(11):1578–1589.

284

Wu X., Sun W., Tan M. Incidence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2139834.

285

Janssen T.L., Alberts A.R., Hooft L., Mattace-Raso F., Mosk C.A., van der Laan L. Prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients planned for elective surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2019 Jun 19;14:1095–1117.

286

Khan A., Boukrina O., Oh-Park M., Flanagan N.A., Singh M., Oldham M. Preventing Delirium Takes a Village: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Delirium Preventive Models of Care. J Hosp Med. 2019 May 12;14:E1–E7.

287

Furtado G.E., Caldo A., Rieping T., Filaire E., Hogervorst E., Teixeira A.M.B., Ferreira J.P. Physical frailty and cognitive status over-60 age populations: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018t;78:240–248.

288

Kendler D.L., Marin F., Zerbini C.A.F., Russo L.A., Greenspan S.L., Zikan V., Bagur A., Malouf-Sierra J., Lakatos P., Fahrleitner-Pammer A., Lespessailles E., Minisola S., Body J.J., Geusens P., Möricke R., López-Romero P. Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO). Lancet. 2018;391(10117):230–240.

289

Díez-Pérez A., Marin F., Eriksen E.F., Kendler D.L., Krege J.H., Delgado-Rodríguez M. Effects of teriparatide on hip and upper limb fractures in patients with osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone. 2019;120:1–8.

290

Silverman S., Langdahl B.L., Fujiwara S., et al. Reduction of Hip and Other Fractures in Patients Receiving Teriparatide in Real-World Clinical Practice: Integrated Analysis of Four Prospective Observational Studies. Calcif Tissue Int. 2019;104:193–200.

291

McNeil J.J., Nelson M.R., Woods R.L., Lockery J.E., Wolfe R., Reid C.M., et al; ASPREE Investigator Group. Effect of Aspirin on All-Cause Mortality in the Healthy Elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1519–1528.

292

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomized controlled trials. Lancet 2019;393:407–415.

293

Sze S., Pellicori P., Kazmi S., Rigby A., Cleland J.G.F., Wong K., Clark A.L. Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition Using 3 Scoring Systems Among Outpatients With Heart Failure: A Comparison With Body Mass Index. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(6):476–486.

294

Lelli D., Tolone S., Pulignano G., Tinti M.D., Del Sindaco D., Dipasquale Mazzilli G., Antonelli Incalzi R., Pedone C. Nutritional status is associated with physical function and disability in older adults with chronic heart failure. Eur J Intern Med. 2019 Dec 24. pii: S0953-6205(19)30436-4.

295

Ramiro-Ortega E., Bonilla-Palomas J.L., Gámez-López A.L., Moreno-Conde M., López-Ibáñez M.C., AlhambraExpósito R., Anguita Sánchez M. Nutritional intervention in acute heart failure patients with undernutrition and normalbuminemia: A subgroup analysis of PICNIC study. Clin Nutr. 2018 Oct;37(5):1762–1764.

Ramiro-Ortega E., Bonilla-Palomas J.L., GámezLópez A.L., Moreno-Conde M., López-Ibáñez M.C., AlhambraExpósito R., Anguita Sánchez M. Nutritional intervention in acute heart failure patients with undernutrition and normalbuminemia: A subgroup analysis of PICNIC study. Clin Nutr. 2018 Oct;37(5):1762–1764.

296

Habaybeh D., de Moraes M.B., Slee A., Avgerinou C. Nutritional interventions for heart failure patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition or cachexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev. 2020 Mar 2. doi:10.1007/s10741-020-09937-9.

297

Kalogirou F., Forsyth F., Kyriakou M., Mantle R., Deaton C. Heart failure disease management: a systematic review of effectiveness in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail. 2020 Feb;7(1):194–212.

298

Slimani M., Ramirez-Campillo R., Paravlic A., Hayes L.D., Bragazzi N.L., Sellami M. The Effects of Physical Training on Quality of Life, Aerobic Capacity, and Cardiac Function in Older Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1564.

299

Fairhall N., Aggar C., Kurrle S.E., Sherrington C., Lord S., Lockwood K., et al: Frailty Intervention Trial (FIT). BMC Geriatr 2008;8:27.

300

Fairhall N., Langron C., Sherrington C., Lord S.R., Kurrle S.E., Lockwood K., et al: Treating frailty-a practical guide. BMC Med 2011;9:83.

301

Morley J.E. Weight Loss in Older Persons: New Therapeutic Approaches Curr Pharm Des 2007;13(35):3637–47. doi:10.2174/138161207782794149.

302

Keller H.H., Ostbye T. Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI change and mortality in community-dwelling seniors without dementia. J Nutr Aging 2005;9:316–20.

303

Wang S.Y., Fukagawa N., Hossain M., Ooi W.L. Longitudinal weight changes, length of survival, and energy requirements of long-term care residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:1189–95.

304

Ryan C., Bryant E., Eleazer P., Rhodes A., Guest K. Unintentional weight loss in long-term care: predictor of mortality in the elderly. South Med J 1995;88:721–4.

305

Simonsick E.M., Newman A.B., Ferrucci L., et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and functional mobility in older adults. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:2011–17.

306

Virgini V.S., Wijsman L.W., Rodondi N., et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and functional capacity among elderly. Thyroid. 2014;24:208–14.

307

Ceresini G., Ceda G.P., Lauretani F., et al. Mild thyroid hormone excess is associated with a decreased physical function in elderly men. Aging Male. 2011;14:213–19.

308

Bano A., Chaker L., Schoufour J., et al. High circulating free thyroxine levels may increase the risk of frailty: The Rotterdam Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103:328–335.

309

Nagai K., Miyamato T., Okamae A., Tamaki A., Fujioka H., Wada Y., Uchiyama Y., Shinmura K., Domen K. Physical activity combined with resistance training reduces symptoms of frailty in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;76:41–47. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2018.02.005.

310

Liu C.J., Latham N.K. Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD002759.

311

Theou O., Stathokostas L., Roland K.P., Jakobi J.M., Patterson C., Vandervoort A.A., et al. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for the management of frailty: a systematic review. J Aging Res. 2011;2011:569194.

312

Cameron I.D., Fairhall N., Langron C., Lockwood K., Monaghan N., Aggar C., et al. A multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention reduces frailty in older people: randomized trial. BMC Med. 2013;11:65.

313

De Labra C., Guimaraes-Pinheiro C., Maseda A., Lorenzo T., Millán-Calenti J.C. Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2015 Dec 2;15:154.

314

Frost R., Belk C., Jovicic A., Ricciardi F., Kharicha K., Gardner B., Iliffe S., Goodman C., Manthorpe J., Drennan V.M., Walters K. Health promotion interventions for communitydwelling older people with mild or pre-frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Jul 20;17(1):157.

315

Ishijima M., Sakamoto Y., Yamanaka M., Tokita A., Kitahara K., Kaneko H., Kurosawa H. Minimum required vitamin D level for optimal increase in bone mineral density with alendronate treatment in osteoporotic women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009 Nov;85(5):398–404. doi:10.1007/s00223-009-9295-x. Epub 2009 Oct 1.

316

Deane A., Constancio L., Fogelman I., Hampson G. The impact of vitamin D status on changes in bone mineral density during treatment with bisphosphonates and after discontinuation following long-term use in post-menopausal osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Jan 10;8:3. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-8-3.

317

Karczmarewicz E., Czekuć-Kryśkiewicz E., Płudowski P. Effect of vitamin D status on pharmacological treatment efficiency: Impact on cost-effective management in medicine. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):1–6. doi:10.4161/derm.25531.

318

Reid I.R., Bolland M.J., Grey A. Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014 Jan 11;383(9912):146–55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61647-5.

319

Lin T., Zhao Y., Xia X., Ge N., Yue J. Association between frailty and chronic pain among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020 Aug 17. doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00382-3.

320

Рудакова А.В., Брико Н.И., Лобзин Ю.В., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Авдеев С.Н., Игнатова Г.Л., Костинов М.П., Королева И.С., Полибин Р.В., Фомин И.В. Вакцинация взрослых против пневмококковой инфекции в Российской Федерации: социальные и фармакоэкономические аспекты // Журнал инфектологии. 2018. 10(3). С. 11–22. https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2018-10-3-11-22

Rudakova A.V., Briko N.I., Lobzin Yu.V., Namazova-Baranova L.S., Avdeev S.N., Ignatova G.L., Kostinov M.P., Koroleva I.S., Polibin R.V., Fomin I.V. Vakcinaciya vzroslyh protiv pnevmokokkovoj infekcii v Rossijskoj Federacii: social'nye i farmakoekonomicheskie aspekty // Zhurnal infektologii. 2018. 10(3). S. 11–22. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2018-10-3-11-22

321

Zhang Y.-Y., Tang X.-F., Du C.-H., et al. Comparison of dual influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination with influenza vaccination alone for preventing pneumonia and reducing mortality among the elderly: A meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Dec;12(12):3056–3064. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1221552.

322

Pynoos J., Steinman B.A., Nguyen A.Q.D. Environmental assessment and modification as fall-prevention strategies for older adults. Clinics in geriatric medicine. 2010;26(4):633–644.

323

Liu L.H., Kao C.C., Wang R.H., Liu Y.H. Impacts of multimorbidity, hemoglobin levels, and frailty on functional disability of older adult residents of long-term care facilities: A structural equation analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2021 Jun;21(6):532–537. doi:10.1111/ggi.14177.

324

Hong Ch.-T., Hsieh Y.-Ch., Liu H.-Y., Chiou H.-Y., Chien L.-N. Association Between Anemia and Dementia: A Nationwide, Population based Cohort Study in Taiwan. Current Alzheimer Research (2020)17:196. doi:10.2174/1567205017666200317101516.

325

Esquinas-Requena J.L., García-Nogueras I., Hernández-Zegarra P., Atienzar-Núñez P., Sánchez-Jurado P.M., Abizanda P. Anemia y fragilidad en ancianos españoles. Estudio FRADEA [Anemia and frailty in older adults from Spain. The FRADEA Study]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2021 May-Jun;56(3):129–135. Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.regg.2021.01.010.

Esquinas-Requena J.L., García-Nogueras I., HernándezZegarra P., Atienzar-Núñez P., Sánchez-Jurado P.M., Abizanda P. Anemia y fragilidad en ancianos españoles. Estudio FRADEA [Anemia and frailty in older adults from Spain. The FRADEA Study]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2021 May-Jun;56(3):129–135. Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.regg.2021.01.010.

326

Ruan Y., Guo Y., Kowal P., Lu Y., Liu C., Sun S., Huang Z., Zheng Y., Wang W., Li G., Shi Y., Wu F. Association between anemia and frailty in 13,175 community-dwelling adults aged 50years and older in China. BMC Geriatr. 2019 Dec 4;19(1):327. doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1342-5.

327

Wouters H.J.C.M., van der Klauw M.M., de Witte T., et al. Association of anemia with health-related quality of life and survival: a large population-based cohort study. Haematologica. 2019;104(3):468–476. doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.195552.

328

Merchant R.A. Prevalence of Anemia and Its Association with Frailty, Physical Function and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(5):679–687. doi:10.1007/s12603-021-1625-3.

329

Palapar L., Kerse N., Rolleston A., den Elzen W.P.J., Gussekloo J., Blom J.W., Robinson L., Martin-Ruiz C., Duncan R., Arai Y., Takayama M., Teh R.; TULIP Consortium. Anemia and physical and mental health in the very old: An individual participant data meta-analysis of four longitudinal studies of ageing. Age Ageing. 2021 Jan 8;50(1):113–119. doi:10.1093/ageing/afaa178.

330

Sankaran V.G., Weiss M.J. Anemia: progress in molecular mechanisms and therapies. Nat Med. 2015 Mar;21(3):221–30. doi:10.1038/nm.3814.

331

Bregman D.B., Morris D., Koch T.A., He A., Goodnough L.T. Hepcidin levels predict nonresponsiveness to oral iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2013 Feb;88(2):97–101. doi:10.1002/ajh.23354.

332

Di Paola M., Gatti D., Viapiana O., Cianferotti L., Cavalli L., Caffarelli C., Conversano F., Quarta E., Pisani P., Girasole G., Giusti A., Manfredini M., Arioli G., Matucci-Cerinic M., Bianchi G., Nuti R., Gonnelli S., Brandi M.L., Muratore M., Rossini M. Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry compared with dual X-ray absorptiometry for osteoporosis diagnosis on lumbar spine and femoral neck. Osteoporos Int. 2019 Feb;30(2):391–402. doi:10.1007/s00198-018-4686-3.

Di Paola M., Gatti D., Viapiana O., Cianferotti L., Cavalli L., Caffarelli C., Conversano F., Quarta E., Pisani P., Girasole G., Giusti A., Manfredini M., Arioli G., MatucciCerinic M., Bianchi G., Nuti R., Gonnelli S., Brandi M.L., Muratore M., Rossini M. Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry compared with dual X-ray absorptiometry for osteoporosis diagnosis on lumbar spine and femoral neck. Osteoporos Int. 2019 Feb;30(2):391–402. doi:10.1007/s00198-018-4686-3.

333

Diez-Perez A., Brandi M.L., Al-Daghri N., Branco J.C., Bruyère O., Cavalli L., Cooper C., Cortet B., Dawson-Hughes B., Dimai H.P., Gonnelli S., Hadji P., Halbout P., Kaufman J.M., Kurth A., Locquet M., Maggi S., Matijevic R., Reginster J.Y., Rizzoli R., Thierry T. Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry for the in-vivo assessment of bone strength: state of the art-outcomes of an expert consensus meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;31(10):1375–1389. doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01294-4.

334

Cortet B., Dennison E., Diez-Perez A., Locquet M., Muratore M., Nogués X., Ovejero Crespo D., Quarta E., Brandi M.L. Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in a European multicenter clinical context. Bone. 2021 Feb;143:115786. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115786.

335

Adami G., Arioli G., Bianchi G., Brandi M.L., Caffarelli C., Cianferotti L., Gatti D., Girasole G., Gonnelli S., Manfredini M., Muratore M., Quarta E., Quarta L. Radiofrequency echographic multi spectrometry for the prediction of incident fragility fractures: A 5-year follow-up study. Bone. 2020 May;134:115297. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115297.

336

Коваленко А.Л., Нагибович О.А., Вишневский А.Ю. Белехов Г.А., Губайдуллин Р.Р., Попов Д.В., Агафьина А.С. Применение препарата, влияющего на нейрометаболизм, для профилактики послеоперационных когнитивных расстройств. Общая реаниматология. 2022;18 (2):12–21. https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2022-2-12-21.

337

Zhou J., Huang P., Liu P., Hao Q., Chen S., Dong B., Wang J. Association of vitamin D deficiency and frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2016 Dec;94:70–76. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.09.003. Epub 2016 Sep 13. PMID: 27823748.

338

Nakagomi H., Mitsui T., Shimura H., Ihara T., Kira S., Sawada N., Takeda M. Mirabegron for overactive bladder in frail patients 80 years or over (HOKUTO study). BMC Urol. 2022 Mar 21;22(1):40. doi:10.1186/s12894-022-00989-7.

339

Lozano-Ortega G., Walker D.R., Johnston K., Mickle A., Harrigan S., Rogula B., Kristy R.M., Hairston J.C., Schermer C.R. Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Treatments for Overactive Bladder Among Older Adults: A Network Metaanalysis. Drugs Aging. 2020 Nov;37(11):801–816. doi:10.1007/s40266-020-00792-9.

340

Воробьёва Н.М., Ткачева О.Н., Котовская Ю.В., Овчарова Л.Н., Селезнева Е.В. Российское эпидемиологическое исследование ЭВКАЛИПТ: протокол и базовые характеристики участников. Российский журнал гериатрической медицины. 2021;(1):35–43. https://doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-35-43

Vorob'eva N.M., Tkacheva O.N., Kotovskaya Yu.V., Ovcharova L.N., Selezneva E.V. Rossijskoe epidemiologicheskoe issledovanie EVKALIPT: protokol i bazovye harakteristiki uchastnikov. Rossijskij zhurnal geriatricheskoj mediciny. 2021;(1):35–43. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-35-43

341

Veronese N., Custodero C., Demurtas J., Smith L., Barbagallo M., Maggi S., Cella A., Vanacore N., Aprile P.L., Ferrucci L., Pilotto A.; Special Interest Group in Systematic Reviews of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS); Special Interest Group in Meta-analyses and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS). Comprehensive geriatric assessment in older people: an umbrella review of health outcomes. Age Ageing. 2022 May 1;51(5):afac104. doi:10.1093/ageing/afac104.

342

Pilotto A., Cella A., Pilotto A., Daragjati J., Veronese N., Musacchio C., Mello A.M., Logroscino G., Padovani A., Prete C., Panza F. Three Decades of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Evidence Coming From Different Healthcare Settings and Specific Clinical Conditions. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Feb 1;18(2):192. e1-192.e11. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.004.

343

Sum G., Nicholas S.O., Nai Z.L., Ding Y.Y., Tan W.S. Health outcomes and implementation barriers and facilitators of comprehensive geriatric assessment in community settings: a systematic integrative review [PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42021229953]. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Apr 29;22(1):379. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03024-4.

344

Chen Z., Ding Z., Chen C., Sun Y., Jiang Y., Liu F., Wang S. Effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment intervention on quality of life, caregiver burden and length of hospital stay: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2021 Jun 21;21(1):377. doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02319-2.

345

Garrard J.W., Cox N.J., Dodds R.M., Roberts H.C., Sayer A.A. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in primary care: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Feb;32(2):197–205. doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01183-w.

346

Клинические рекомендации «Витамин В12 дефицитная анемия». https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/536_3

Klinicheskie rekomendacii «Vitamin B12 deficitnaya anemiya». (In Russ.). https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/536_3

347

Клинические рекомендации «Фолиеводефицитная анемия». https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/540_3

Klinicheskie rekomendacii «Folievodeficitnaya anemiya». (In Russ.). https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/540_3

348

Клинические рекомендации «Железодефицитная анемия». https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/669_2

Klinicheskie rekomendacii «Zhelezodeficitnaya anemiya». (In Russ.). https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/669_2

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.