<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geriatr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гериатрической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8636</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8709</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сайт издателя</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37586/2686-8636-4-2021-414-419</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geriatr-228</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сахарный диабет у пожилых пациентов в условиях новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus in older patients under conditions of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-876X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мустафина Светлана Владимировна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинико-популяционных и профилактических исследований терапевтических и эндокринных заболеваний</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p>+7(923)228-97-57</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mustafina Svetlana V., MD, PhD, professor, senior research fellow, Laboratory of Clinical-Populational and Prophylactic Studies on Internal and Endocrine Diseases</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>+7(923)228-97-57 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana3548@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-9712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каширина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashirina</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каширина Анастасия Петровна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетических и средовых детерминант жизненного цикла человека</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p>+7(923)144-83-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kashirina Anastasiia P., junior research fellow, Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Determinants of the Human Life Cycle</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>+7(923)144-83-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kashirina_a_p_91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины (НИИТПМ) — филиал Федерального исследовательского центра «Институт цитологии и генетики» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ФИЦ ИЦиГ СО РАН)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>414</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мустафина С.В., Каширина А.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафина С.В., Каширина А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafina S.V., Kashirina A.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/228">https://www.geriatr-news.com/jour/article/view/228</self-uri><abstract><p>Данный литературный обзор посвящен проблеме сахарного диабета 2 типа и новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) у пожилых пациентов. Коморбидность, провоспалительное состояние, ослабление врожденного иммунного ответа, сосудистая дисфункция и склонность к образованию тромбозов у людей с СД2, по данным литературы, способствуют более высокой восприимчивости к инфекции SARS-CoV-2 и ухудшению прогноза. В терапии пожилых пациентов с транзиторной гипергликемией, инсулинорезистентностью и сахарным диабетом 2 типа возможно добавление к основной терапии препарата Субетта с целью достижения компенсации углеводного обмена и улучшения качества жизни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review focuses on the issue of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in older patients and novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In accordance with the analyzed articles, comorbidity, pro-inflammatory state, diminished innate immune response, vascular dysfunction and tendency to thrombosis in people with T2D, contribute to a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a poor prognosis. The using of Subetta is possible in add-on therapy for older patients with transient hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to achieve carbohydrate metabolic compensation and improve the quality of life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>пожилые люди</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Субетта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>older people</kwd><kwd>Subetta</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Дата обращения 22 мая 2021 г. https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/09–12–2020-who-reveals-leading-causes-of-death-and-disabilityworldwide-2000–2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Дата обращения 22 мая 2021 г. https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/09–12–2020-who-reveals-leading-causes-of-death-and-disabilityworldwide-2000–2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Алгоритмы диагностики и лечения / Р.Г. Оганов, В.И. Симаненков, И.Г. Бакулин [и др.] // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. — 2019. — Т. 18. — № 1. — С. 5–66. — DOI: 10.15829/1728–8800–2019–1-5–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Алгоритмы диагностики и лечения / Р.Г. Оганов, В.И. Симаненков, И.Г. Бакулин [и др.] // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. — 2019. — Т. 18. — № 1. — С. 5–66. — DOI: 10.15829/1728–8800–2019–1-5–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глобальный доклад по диабету [Global report on diabetes]. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2018. Лицензия: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Глобальный доклад по диабету [Global report on diabetes]. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2018. Лицензия: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В. Сахарный диабет в пожилом возрасте: особенности клиники и лечения. Сахарный диабет. 1999; 2(4): 21–22. https://doi.org/10.14341/2072–0351–6128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В. Сахарный диабет в пожилом возрасте: особенности клиники и лечения. Сахарный диабет. 1999; 2(4): 21–22. https://doi.org/10.14341/2072–0351–6128</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Ситуация по распространению COVID-19 глобально на 22 мая 2021 г. Дата обращения 22.05.2021 г. https://covid19.who.int/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Ситуация по распространению COVID-19 глобально на 22 мая 2021 г. Дата обращения 22.05.2021 г. https://covid19.who.int/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Ситуация по распространению COVID-19 в Российской Федерации на 22 мая 2021 г. Дата обращения 22.05.2021 г. https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/ru</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Ситуация по распространению COVID-19 в Российской Федерации на 22 мая 2021 г. Дата обращения 22.05.2021 г. https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/ru</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J., Zheng Y., Gou X. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. March 12, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J., Zheng Y., Gou X. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. March 12, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dawei W., Bo Hu, Chang Hu. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China, MD1; JAMA. 2020; 323(11): 1061– 1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dawei W., Bo Hu, Chang Hu. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China, MD1; JAMA. 2020; 323(11): 1061– 1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. March 9, 2020. The Lancet 395(10229). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(20)30566–3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. March 9, 2020. The Lancet 395(10229). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(20)30566–3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grasselli G., Zangrillo A., Zanella A. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy JAMA. 2020; 323(16): 1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grasselli G., Zangrillo A., Zanella A. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy JAMA. 2020; 323(16): 1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fadini G.P., Morieri M.L., Longato E., Avogaro A. Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2020; 43: 867–869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618–020–01236–2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fadini G.P., Morieri M.L., Longato E., Avogaro A. Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2020; 43: 867–869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618–020–01236–2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chow N., Fleming-Dutra K., Gierke G. et all. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12 — March 28, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chow N., Fleming-Dutra K., Gierke G. et all. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12 — March 28, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Исаков М.А., Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет и COVID-19: анализ клинических исходов по данным регистра сахарного диабета российской федерации. Проблемы Эндокринологии. 2020; 66(1): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl12458</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Исаков М.А., Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет и COVID-19: анализ клинических исходов по данным регистра сахарного диабета российской федерации. Проблемы Эндокринологии. 2020; 66(1): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl12458</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калмыкова З.А., Кононенко И.В., Скляник И.А., Шестакова М.В., Мокрышева Н.Г. Гипергликемия и возможные механизмы повреждения -клеток у пациентов с COVID-19. Сахарный диабет. 2020; 23(3): 229–234. https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12485</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калмыкова З.А., Кононенко И.В., Скляник И.А., Шестакова М.В., Мокрышева Н.Г. Гипергликемия и возможные механизмы повреждения -клеток у пациентов с COVID-19. Сахарный диабет. 2020; 23(3): 229–234. https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12485</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bode B., Garrett V., Messler J., et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020; 14(4): 813–821. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820924469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bode B., Garrett V., Messler J., et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020; 14(4): 813–821. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820924469.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.K., Lin S.S., Ji X.J., Guo L.M. Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2010 Sep; 47(3): 193–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00592–009–0109–4. Epub 2009 Mar 31. PMID: 19333547; PMCID: PMC7088164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.K., Lin S.S., Ji X.J., Guo L.M. Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2010 Sep; 47(3): 193–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00592–009–0109–4. Epub 2009 Mar 31. PMID: 19333547; PMCID: PMC7088164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., et al. SARSCoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. 2020; 181(2): 271–280.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., et al. SARSCoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. 2020; 181(2): 271–280.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du L., He Y., Zhou Y., et al. The spike protein of SARS-CoV − a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009; 7(3): 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du L., He Y., Zhou Y., et al. The spike protein of SARS-CoV − a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009; 7(3): 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin-Kui Yang, Shan-Shan Lin, Xiu-Juan Ji &amp; Li-Min Guo. Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes. Acta Diabetologica, pages193–199 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592–009–0109–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin-Kui Yang, Shan-Shan Lin, Xiu-Juan Ji &amp; Li-Min Guo. Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes. Acta Diabetologica, pages193–199 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592–009–0109–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.K., Feng Y., Yuan M.Y. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Chan26 May 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464–5491.2006.01861.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.K., Feng Y., Yuan M.Y. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Chan26 May 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464–5491.2006.01861.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu F., Long X., Zhang B. ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. April 22, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu F., Long X., Zhang B. ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. April 22, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta R., Ghosh A., Singh A.K., Misra A. Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 May–Jun; 14(3): 211–212. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32172175; PMCID: PMC7102582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta R., Ghosh A., Singh A.K., Misra A. Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 May–Jun; 14(3): 211–212. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32172175; PMCID: PMC7102582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.K., Feng Y., Yuan M.Y. et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS(Article). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464–5491.2006.01861.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.K., Feng Y., Yuan M.Y. et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS(Article). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464–5491.2006.01861.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schoen K., Horvat N., Guerreiro N.F. et al. Spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings in patients with diagnosis of H1N1 and correlation with clinical severity. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 12; 19(1): 964. PMID: 31718571; PMCID: PMC6852716. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879–019–4592–0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schoen K., Horvat N., Guerreiro N.F. et al. Spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings in patients with diagnosis of H1N1 and correlation with clinical severity. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 12; 19(1): 964. PMID: 31718571; PMCID: PMC6852716. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879–019–4592–0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanke C.D. In response: Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020 May 26: e3331. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32452598; PMCID: PMC7267111. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanke C.D. In response: Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020 May 26: e3331. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32452598; PMCID: PMC7267111. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bikdeli B., Madhava M.V., Jimenez D. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC Stateof-the-Art Review/ Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikdeli B., Madhava M.V., Jimenez D. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC Stateof-the-Art Review/ Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tousoulis D., Papageorgiou N., Androulakis E., Siasos G., Latsios G., Tentolouris K., Stefanadis C. Diabetes mellitus-associated vascular impairment: novel circulating biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Aug 20; 62(8): 667–76. PMID: 23948511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tousoulis D., Papageorgiou N., Androulakis E., Siasos G., Latsios G., Tentolouris K., Stefanadis C. Diabetes mellitus-associated vascular impairment: novel circulating biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Aug 20; 62(8): 667–76. PMID: 23948511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo P., Qiu L., Liu Y., et al. Metformin treatment was associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes in a retrospective analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20–0375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo P., Qiu L., Liu Y., et al. Metformin treatment was associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes in a retrospective analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20–0375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendy A., Gopal R., Alcorn J.F., Forno E. Reduced mortality from lower respiratory tract disease in adult diabetic patients treated with metformin. Respirology. 2019; 24(7): 646−651. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendy A., Gopal R., Alcorn J.F., Forno E. Reduced mortality from lower respiratory tract disease in adult diabetic patients treated with metformin. Respirology. 2019; 24(7): 646−651. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma S., Ray A., Sadasivam B. Metformin in COVID-19: a possible role beyond diabetes. DiabResClinPract. 2020; 164: 108183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma S., Ray A., Sadasivam B. Metformin in COVID-19: a possible role beyond diabetes. DiabResClinPract. 2020; 164: 108183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epstein O. The Spatial Homeostasis Hypothesis. Symmetry. 2018; 10: 103. DOI: 10.3390/sym10040103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epstein O. The Spatial Homeostasis Hypothesis. Symmetry. 2018; 10: 103. DOI: 10.3390/sym10040103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев С.В., Петровская Е.Ю. Новый препарат в комплексной терапии сахарного диабета. Пострегистрационный опыт применения у пациентов с СД 1и 2 типа. Медицинский совет. 2018; 16: 28–34 [Vorobev S.V., Petrovskaya E.Yu. A new drug in the complex therapy of diabetes. Post-registration experience of use in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Medical advice. 2018; 16: 28–34 (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Воробьев С.В., Петровская Е.Ю. Новый препарат в комплексной терапии сахарного диабета. Пострегистрационный опыт применения у пациентов с СД 1и 2 типа. Медицинский совет. 2018; 16: 28–34 [Vorobev S.V., Petrovskaya E.Yu. A new drug in the complex therapy of diabetes. Post-registration experience of use in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Medical advice. 2018; 16: 28–34 (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогова Н.В., Куликова И.В., Стаценко В.И. и др. Сравнительная эффективность антител к С-концевому фрагменту бета-субъединицы рецептора инсулина у больных сахарным диабетом типа 2. Вестник ВолгГМУ. 2011; 1(37): 26–28 [Rogova N.V., Kulikova I.V., Statsenko V.I. et al. Comparative efficacy of antibodies to the C-terminal fragment of the insulin receptor beta-subunit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. VolgGMU Bulletin. 2011; 1(37): 26–28 (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рогова Н.В., Куликова И.В., Стаценко В.И. и др. Сравнительная эффективность антител к С-концевому фрагменту бета-субъединицы рецептора инсулина у больных сахарным диабетом типа 2. Вестник ВолгГМУ. 2011; 1(37): 26–28 [Rogova N.V., Kulikova I.V., Statsenko V.I. et al. Comparative efficacy of antibodies to the C-terminal fragment of the insulin receptor beta-subunit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. VolgGMU Bulletin. 2011; 1(37): 26–28 (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мкртумян А.М., Воробьев С.В., Волкова А.Р., Ворохобина Н.В. Влияние препарата Субетта на гликемический контроль у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа: результаты многоцентрового двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого рандомизированного клинического исследования. Фарматека. — 2020. — Т. 27, № 12. — С. 38–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мкртумян А.М., Воробьев С.В., Волкова А.Р., Ворохобина Н.В. Влияние препарата Субетта на гликемический контроль у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа: результаты многоцентрового двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого рандомизированного клинического исследования. Фарматека. — 2020. — Т. 27, № 12. — С. 38–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
